pies not produced in accordance with the
manufacturing provisions of the act (although authorized by the author
or proprietor), but importation is allowed to any society or
institution incorporated for educational, literary, philosophical,
scientific or religious purposes, or for the encouragement of the fine
arts, or to any State school, college, &c., or to free public
libraries, when importation is for use and not for sale. The act of
1891 allowed "_two_ copies in any one invoice" to be imported, but by
the act of 1909 not more than _one_ copy is to be imported in one
invoice.

The provisions having to do with international copyright become
operative in the case of a foreign state only when the president
proclaims that the state has fulfilled the condition of reciprocity. The
act of 1891 was put into force with foreign states as follows:--1st of
July 1891, Great Britain, Belgium, France, Switzerland; 8th of March
1892, Germany (by separate treaty); 31st of October 1892, Italy; 8th of
May 1893, Denmark; 15th of July 1895, Spain; 20th of July 1895,
Portugal; 27th of February 1896, Mexico; 13th of April 1896, Sweden and
Norway; 25th of May 1896, Chile; 19th of October 1899, Costa Rica; 20th
of November 1899, the kingdom of the Netherlands. In the case of each
state the territory covered by the provisions of the law included the
possessions, dependencies, &c. The copyright agreement with Great
Britain therefore covered the crown colonies of the empire, including
India and the self-governing dominions and states, such as Canada,
Australia, &c. An American work duly entered for copyright in Great
Britain secures, as a British publication secures, the protection of
copyright under the provisions of the Bern convention throughout the
territory of the several states that are parties to that convention.

ARTISTIC COPYRIGHT

19. Literary authors had protection for their literary work much earlier
than artists for their artistic productions. Pictures and illustrations,
when included in books or newspapers, are protected by the law which
applies to the latter, but that is a separate question. It was not until
the reign of George II. that the legislature in England afforded any
protection for the work of artists. The English law on artistic
copyright is alone considered in this account, the American having been
included in the section _United States_ above (18), while for other
countries the details are so va