ge. The city has also Saint Francis Navier College (Roman Catholic,
established in 1831 and until 1840 known as the Athenaeum); Saint Joseph
College (Roman Catholic, 1873); Mount St Mary's of the West Seminary
(Roman Catholic, theological, 1848, at Cedar Point, Ohio); Hebrew Union
College (1875), the leading institution in the United States for
educating rabbis; the largely attended Ohio Mechanics' Institute
(founded 1828), a private corporation not conducted for profit, its
object being the education of skilled workmen, the training of
industrial leaders, and the advancement of the mechanic arts (in 1907
there were in all departments 1421 students, a large majority of whom
were in the evening classes); an excellent art academy, modelled after
that of South Kensington; the College of Music and the Conservatory of
Music (mentioned below); the Miami Medical College (opened in 1852); the
Pulte Medical College (homeopathic; coeducational; opened 1872); the
Eclectic Medical Institute (chartered 1845); two women's medical
colleges, two colleges of dental surgery, a college of pharmacy, and
several business colleges. The public, district, and high schools of the
city are excellent. The City (or public) library contained in 1906
301,380 vols. and 57,562 pamphlets; the University library (including
medical, law and astronomical branches), 80,000 vols. (including the
Robert Clarke collection, rich in Americana, and the library--about 5000
vols.--of the American Association for the Advancement of Science); the
Young Men's Mercantile library, 70,000 vols.; and the Law library,
35,000 vols.; in addition, the Lloyd library and museum of botany and
pharmacy, and the library of the Historical and Philosophical Society of
Ohio (1831), which contains a valuable collection of rare books,
pamphlets and manuscripts, are worthy of mention.

_Art, &c._--The large German population makes the city noteworthy for
its music. The first Saengerfest was held in Cincinnati in 1849, and it
met here again in 1870, when a new hall was built for its accommodation.
Under the leadership of Theodore Thomas (1835-1905), the Cincinnati
Musical Festival Association was incorporated, and the first of its
biennial May festivals was held in 1873. In 1875-1878 was built the
large Springer music hall, named in honour of Reuben R. Springer
(1800-1884), its greatest benefactor, who endowed the Cincinnati College
of Music (incorporated in 1878), of which Thomas was dir