er the slave of the capitalist, nor the
capitalist the slave of the laborer, but by establishing between them
mutual good-will, founded on intelligence and justice.

And let the upper classes of England have their due. The Lancashire
operatives have been upon the other side; yet not the less have they
received ready and generous help in their distress from all ranks and
orders in the land.

It would be most unworthy of a student of history to preach vulgar
hatred of an historic aristocracy. The aristocracy of England has been
great in its hour, probably beneficent, perhaps indispensable to the
progress of our nation, and so to the foundation of yours. Do you wish
for your revenge upon it? The road to that revenge is sure. Succeed in
your great experiment. Show by your example, by your moderation and
self-control through this war and after its close, that it is possible
for communities, duly educated, to govern themselves without the control
of an hereditary order. The progress of opinion in England will in time
do the rest. War, forced by you upon the English nation, would only
strengthen the worst part of the English aristocracy in the worst way,
by bringing our people into collision with a Democracy, and by giving
the ascendancy, as all wars not carried on for a distinct moral object
do, to military passions over political aspirations. Our war with the
French Republic threw back our internal reforms, which till then had
been advancing, for a whole generation. Even the pockets of our
land-owners would not suffer, but gain, by the war; for their rents
would be raised by the exclusion of your corn, and the price of labor
would be lowered by the stoppage of emigration. The suffering would
fall, as usual, on the people.

The gradual effect of your example may enable European society finally
to emerge from feudalism, in a peaceful way, without violent
revolutions. Every one who has studied history must regard violent
revolutions with abhorrence. A European Liberal ought to be less
inclined to them than ever, when he has seen America, and received from
the sight, as I think he may, a complete assurance of the future.

I have spoken of our commercial aristocracy generally. Liverpool demands
word by itself. It is the stronghold of the Southern party in England:
from it hostile acts have proceeded, while from other quarters there
have proceeded only hostile words. There are in Liverpool men who do
honor to the name of Briti