f the city may be placed at 100,000, living in 20,000
houses, built on 4,000 acres of land,--an average of 25 persons to
an acre. This may be considered a large population for the space
occupied, but, since the effect of density on vitality tells only
determinately when it reaches a certain extreme degree, as in
Liverpool and Glasgow, the estimate may be ventured.

The safety of the population of the city is provided for against
density by the character of the houses, which ensures an equal
distribution of the population. Tall houses overshadowing the streets,
and creating necessity for one entrance to several tenements,
are nowhere permitted. In streets devoted to business, where the
tradespeople require a place of mart or shop, the houses are four
stories high, and in some of the western streets where the houses are
separate, three and four storied buildings are erected; but on the
whole it is found bad to exceed this range, and as each story is
limited to 15 feet, no house is higher than 60 feet.

The substratum of the city is of two kinds. At its northern and
highest part, there is clay; at its southern and south-eastern,
gravel. Whatever disadvantages might spring in other places from a
retention of water on a clay soil, is here met by the plan that is
universally followed, of building every house on arches of solid
brickwork. So, where in other towns there are areas, and kitchens, and
servants' offices, there are here subways through which the air flows
freely, and down the inclines of which all currents of water are
carried away.

The acreage of our model city allows room for three wide main streets
or boulevards, which run from east to west, and which are the main
thoroughfares. Beneath each of these is a railway along which the
heavy traffic of the city is carried on. The streets from north to
south which cross the main thoroughfares at right angles, and the
minor streets which run parallel, are all wide, and, owing to the
lowness of the houses, are thoroughly ventilated, and in the day are
filled with sunlight. They are planted on each side of the pathways
with trees, and in many places with shrubs and evergreens. All the
interspaces between the backs of houses are gardens. The churches,
hospitals, theatres, banks, lecture-rooms, and other public buildings,
as well as some private buildings such as warehouses and stables,
stand alone, forming parts of streets, and occupying the position of
several houses.