e
cases of this affection found recorded in the writings of medical
authors between the years 1610 and 1846. Hillier speaks of an instance
of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in which nearly all the small
intestines and two-thirds of the large passed into the right side of
the thorax. Macnab reports an instance in which three years after the
cure of empyema the whole stomach constituted the hernia. Recently Joly
described congenital hernia of the stomach in a man of thirty-seven,
who died from collapse following lymphangitis, persistent vomiting, and
diarrhea. At the postmortem there was found a defect in the diaphragm
on the left side, permitting herniation of the stomach and first part
of the duodenum into the left pleural cavity. There was no history of
traumatism to account for strangulation. Longworth cites an instance
of inversion of the diaphragm in a human subject. Bartholinus mentions
coalition of the diaphragm and liver; and similar cases are spoken of
by Morgagni and the Ephemerides. Hoffman describes diaphragmatic
junction with the lung.

Anomalies of the Stomach.--The Ephemerides contains the account of a
dissection in which the stomach was found wanting, and also speaks of
two instances of duplex stomach. Bartholinus, Heister, Hufeland,
Morgagni, Riolan, and Sandifort cite examples of duplex stomach. Bonet
speaks of a case of vomiting which was caused by a double stomach.
Struthers reports two cases in which there were two cavities to the
stomach. Struthers also mentions that Morgagni, Home, Monro, Palmer,
Larry, Blasius, Hufeland, and Walther also record instances in which
there was contraction in the middle of the stomach, accounting for
their instances of duplex stomach. Musser reports an instance of
hour-glass contraction of the stomach. Hart dissected the stomach of a
woman of thirty which resembled the stomach of a predaceous bird, with
patches of tendon on its surface. The right extremity instead of
continuously contracting ended in a culdesac one-half as large as the
greater end of the stomach. The duodenum proceeded from the depression
marking the lesser arch of the organ midway between the cardiac orifice
and the right extremity. Crooks speaks of a case in which the stomach
of an infant terminated in a culdesac.

Hernia of the stomach is not uncommon, especially in diaphragmatic or
umbilical deficiency. There are many cases on record, some terminating
fatally from strangulation or exposure to