D) per US$1 - 11,000 (October 1994), 10,800
(November 1993), 8,100 (July 1991), 7,280 (December 1990), 3,996
(March 1990)

Fiscal year: calendar year

@Vietnam:Transportation

Railroads:
total: 3,059 km (including 224 km not restored to service after war
damage)
standard gauge: 151 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 2,454 km 1.000-m gauge
other gauge: 230 km NA-m dual gauge (three rails)

Highways:
total: 85,000 km
paved: 9,400 km
unpaved: gravel, improved earth 48,700 km; unimproved earth 26,900 km

Inland waterways: 17,702 km navigable; more than 5,149 km navigable at
all times by vessels up to 1.8 meter draft

Pipelines: petroleum products 150 km

Ports: Da Nang, Haiphong, Ho Chi Minh City, Hon Gai, Qui Nhon, Nha
Trang

Merchant marine:
total: 109 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 449,963 GRT/932,837 DWT
ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 92, oil tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 3,
roll-on/roll-off cargo 1

Airports:
total: 48
with paved runways over 3,047 m: 8
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 13
with paved runways under 914 m: 7
with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 2
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 5
with unpaved runways under 914 m: 5

@Vietnam:Communications

Telephone system: NA telephones; 2 telephones/1,000 persons; the
inadequacies of the obsolete switching equipment and cable system are
a serious constraint on the business sector and on economic growth,
and restrict access to the international links that Vietnam has
established with most major countries; the telephone system is not
generally available for private use
local: NA
intercity: NA
international: 3 satellite earth stations

Radio:
broadcast stations: AM NA, FM 228, shortwave 0
radios: 7 million (1991)

Television:
broadcast stations: 36 (repeaters 77)
televisions: 2.5 million (1991)

@Vietnam:Defense Forces

Branches: People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN; includes Ground forces, Navy
(includes Naval Infantry), and Air Force

Manpower availability: males age 15-49 18,799,370; males fit for
military service 11,913,116; males reach military age (17) annually
742,394 (1995 est.)

Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $435 million, 2.5% of
GDP (1994)

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VIRGIN ISLANDS

(territory of the US)

@Virgin Island