ding Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.8 billion;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-89), $1.2 billion

Currency: 1 Portuguese escudo (Esc) = 100 centavos

Exchange rates: Portuguese escudos (Esc) per US$1 - 158.02 (January
1995), 165.99 (1994), 160.80 (1993), 135.00 (1992), 144.48 (1991),
142.55 (1990)

Fiscal year: calendar year

@Portugal:Transportation

Railroads:
total: 3,068 km
broad gauge: 2,761 km 1.668-m gauge (439 km electrified; 426 km double
track)
narrow gauge: 307 km 1.000-m gauge

Highways:
total: 70,176 km
paved and graveled: 60,351 km (519 km of expressways)
unpaved: earth 9,825 km

Inland waterways: 820 km navigable; relatively unimportant to national
economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 300 metric-ton cargo
capacity

Pipelines: crude oil 22 km; petroleum products 58 km

Ports: Aveiro, Funchal (Madeira Islands), Horta (Azores), Leixoes,
Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Praia da Vitoria (Azores),
Setubal, Viana do Castelo

Merchant marine:
total: 65 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 852,785 GRT/1,545,804 DWT

ships by type: bulk 5, cargo 28, chemical tanker 5, container 4,
liquefied gas tanker 2, oil tanker 17, refrigerated cargo 2,
roll-on/roll-off cargo 1, short-sea passenger 1
note: Portugal has created a captive register on Madeira for
Portuguese-owned ships; ships on the Madeira Register (MAR) will have
taxation and crewing benefits of a flag of convenience; in addition,
Portugal owns 25 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 155,776 DWT that
operate under Panamanian and Maltese registry

Airports:
total: 65
with paved runways over 3,047 m: 5
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 18
with paved runways under 914 m: 29
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2

@Portugal:Communications

Telephone system: 2,690,000 telephones
local: NA
intercity: generally adequate integrated network of coaxial cables,
open wire and microwave radio relay, domestic satellite earth stations

international: 6 submarine cables; 3 INTELSAT (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1
Indian Ocean), EUTELSAT earth stations; tropospheric link to Azores

Radio:
broadcast stations: AM 57, FM 66 (repeaters 22), shortwave 0
radios: NA

Television:
broadcast stations: 66 (repeaters 23)
televisions: NA

@Portugal:Defense Forces

Branches: Army, Navy (includ