cellaneous manufactured articles 23%, raw materials 7.6%, food
(rice) and live animals 5.7%, beverages and tobacco 4.5%, chemicals
4.7% (1990)
partners: principally Serbia and Montenegro and the other former
Yugoslav republics, Germany, Greece, Albania

Imports: $1.2 billion (1993)
commodities: fuels and lubricants 19%, manufactured goods 18%,
machinery and transport equipment 15%, food and live animals 14%,
chemicals 11.4%, raw materials 10%, miscellaneous manufactured
articles 8.0%, beverages and tobacco 3.5% (1990)
partners: other former Yugoslav republics, Greece, Albania, Germany,
Bulgaria

External debt: $840 million (1992)

Industrial production: growth rate -14% (1993)

Electricity:
capacity: 1,600,000 kW
production: NA kWh
consumption per capita: NA kWh (1993)

Industries: low levels of technology predominate, such as, oil
refining by distillation only; produces basic liquid fuels, coal,
metallic chromium, lead, zinc, and ferronickel; light industry
produces basic textiles, wood products, and tobacco

Agriculture: meets the basic needs for food; principal crops are rice,
tobacco, wheat, corn, and millet; also grown are cotton, sesame,
mulberry leaves, citrus fruit, and vegetables; agricultural production
is highly labor intensive

Illicit drugs: limited illicit opium cultivation; transshipment point
for Southwest Asian heroin

Economic aid:
recipient: US $10 million (for humanitarian and technical assistance)
EC promised a 100 ECU million economic aid package (1993)

Currency: the denar, which was adopted by the Macedonian legislature
26 April 1992, was initially issued in the form of a coupon pegged to
the German mark; subsequently repegged to a basket of seven currencies

Exchange rates: denar per US$1 - 39 (November 1994), 865 (October
1992)

Fiscal year: calendar year

@Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic Of:Transportation

Railroads:
total: 922 km
standard gauge: 922 km 1.435-m gauge (1994)

Highways:
total: 10,591 km
paved: 5,091 km
unpaved: gravel 1,404 km; earth 4,096 km (1991)

Inland waterways: none, lake transport only

Pipelines: none

Ports: none

Airports:
total: 16
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
with paved runways under 914 m: 11
with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2

@Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic Of:Communications

Telephone system: 125,000 t