ss of sedimentary rocks, 219
Rat, native, of New Zealand, 475
Rate of organic change usually measured by an incorrect scale, 232
Rats in the Galapagos, 278
Raven, wide range of, 15
Reade, T. Mellard, on changes of sea and land, 84
Recent continental islands, 243, 331
Red clay of Bermuda, 265
Reptiles, dispersal of, 75
of the Galapagos, 278
of the Sandwich Islands, 316
cause of scarcity of, in British Isles, 339
of Madagascar, 417
of the Seychelles, 430
of Mauritius and Round Island, 438
of New Zealand, 483
_Rhodolaena altivola_ in Madagascar, 440
_Rhus toxicodendron_ in Bermuda, 272
Ridgway, Mr., on birds of Galapagos, 281
River-channels, buried, 336
_Roches moutonnees_, 108
Rodents in Madagascar, 417
Round Island, a snake and a palm peculiar to, 438, 444
_Rumex pulcher_ in New Zealand, 515
Rye, Mr. E. C., on peculiar British insects, 345, 351

S.
St. Helena, 292
effects of European occupation on the vegetation of, 294
insects of, 298
land-shells of, 304
absence of fresh-water organisms in, 304
native vegetation of, 305
Salvin, Mr., on the birds of the Galapagos, 280
Sandwich Islands, the, 310
zoology of, 313
birds of, 313
reptiles of, 316
land-shells of, 316
insects of, 318
vegetation of, 321
antiquity of fauna and flora of, 328
Sassafras, in Swiss Miocene, 183
Scandinavian flora, aggressive power of, 511
Scientific voyages, comparative results of, 7
Sciurus, 26
Sclater, Mr. P. L., on zoological region, 32, 39
Scotland, glacial deposits of, 112-115
probable rate of denudation in, 173
Miocene flora of, 184
peculiar fishes of, 341
{561}
_Scotophilus tuberculatus_ in New Zealand, 474
Scrophularincae, why few species are common to Australia and New Zealand,
505
Sea, depth of, around Madagascar, 414
depth of, around Celebes, 452
Sea-bottom around New Zealand and Australia, 473
Sea-level, changes of, dependent on glaciation, 161
complex effects of glaciation on, 162, 164
rise of, a cause of denudation, 174
Seas, inland, in Tertiary period, 191
Section of sea-bottom near Bermuda, 264
Sedges and grasses common to Australia and New Zealand, 504
Sedimentary rocks, how to estimate thickness of, 217
thinning out of, 217
how formed, 218
thickness of, 217, 221
summary of conclusions on the rate of form