later grafting. In early grafting we put in drainage, just like the
physicians, little tubes or something to drain out the moisture. We put
in a little chip and tie over it very carefully so if there is any
drainage it may escape. In the fall and late summer drainage is not
necessary at all, and we really get better unions then when the trees
are slowing down than we do in the spring when they are full of sap.

MR. STORRS: In selecting your buds, do you take them from trees that
have borne, or from young trees, or indiscriminately?

PRESIDENT HUTT: We take them either from bearing or young trees. It is
not important which, just so you get the right kind.

The important thing is to select good fresh active stuff, and
particularly good sized scions and not small ones.

In budding we fit one side perfectly, and on the other side we leave a
space of one sixteenth of an inch like a door. We didn't do that at
first and we lost a good many buds because the active growth began on
both sides. We had to leave a place there at the side, an expansion
joint, to take care of that.

MR. STORRS: Then you fit them at the top and bottom and at one side?

THE CHAIRMAN: Yes, that's it.

THE SECRETARY: This is one of the most important papers ever read before
this Association, and that is because the success of nut growing
anywhere is absolutely conditioned on our knowledge of propagation. If
the propagation of nut trees were as easy as the propagation of apple
and peach trees, we would probably now have in the north as many
orchards of good nut trees as of apple and peach trees. Any one who has
tried this budding of nut trees will, I am sure, appreciate the
difficulties that Professor Hutt has described and the pains he has
taken in telling us about them. This is the beginning of the
demonstrations in propagating. They will be continued tomorrow; we will
have then three or four of the most expert grafters and budders in the
country, perhaps, who will give further demonstrations.

I would like to ask Professor Hutt a question. I noticed that in putting
in some Persian walnut buds this summer, all died except a couple where
the tops accidentally broke off.

THE CHAIRMAN: That is explained by the illustration I gave of the wind
blowing off all the shoots. Every one that was blown off lived even
though some were badly torn. It was simply forcing the cambium at that
point where it was needed. Mr. Roper had an experience of that kind.