s up another thing that I want you to notice in regard to
winter injury. Plant not only hardy varieties, but select localities
with good subsoil drainage. The walnuts and hickories, belonging to the
two great families of juglans, and the oaks and chestnuts, want good
subsoil drainage. Where the underlying rocks are vertical the conditions
are ideal. They do not like a heavy clay subsoil, but do best where
water and excess nitrogen can get away.

The general summary I want to make is this: Nut trees have a large
number of fungus parasites. In a few cases the native fungus parasites
attack European or Old World species and varieties to such an extent as
to make very serious problems, so much so that they can not be regarded
as solved, the walnut bacteriorosis and filbert blight being examples of
these. On the other hand, most of the native fungus parasites of our
native trees are not to be feared as enemies of these trees, not only in
the northeastern United States where this body is endeavoring to further
a good cause, but over the whole eastern United States. These parasites
in some cases may be serious enough to justify spraying and other lines
of treatment, especially in the nursery. On the other hand, considering
the nature of nut trees and considering the results of work on the pecan
scab, the object of the nut grower should be to breed and select as far
as possible resistant sorts, to work on and select native species and
hybrids particularly where the native trees will give the necessary
hardiness, immunity and resistance. The outlook, therefore, is promising
for the cultivated varieties of hickory nuts and walnuts that I know you
are all working for. Foreign parasites are always dangerous. This
chestnut blight fungus comes into any such scheme as that like a
bombshell. When it comes to an introduced parasite like that we can not
tell what will happen. I thank you for your attention.

* * * * *

THE CHAIRMAN: I think everybody here will agree with me, when you come
to look over this list of amounts appropriated for work in nut culture
investigation, that there will be no further criticism of the Department
of Agriculture from any member of the association for not doing more in
the interests of the nut grower.

THE SECRETARY: We are all indebted to Professor Waite for his clear way
of stating facts, for resisting the temptation to give a technical talk
and for enunciating principle