dwarfs or fairies of tradition.

Having thus shown that Fians, Fairies, and Picts are so closely
associated as to be, in some aspects, almost indistinguishable from one
another, I shall now refer to the structures which are popularly
believed to have been their dwellings. Some of these are wholly
underground, others partly so, and others quite above ground. In many
other ways, also, they vary. But all of them are unquestionably links
in one special style of structure; of which the most marked feature, or
at any rate that which is common to all, is the use of what is called
the "cyclopean" arch. This is formed by the overlapping of the stones in
the wall until they almost meet at the dome or apex of the building,
when a heavy "keystone" completes this rude arch. The principle of the
arch proper was obviously quite unknown to the originators of such
structures.

Of the various Hebridean specimens of these buildings, very interesting
and complete descriptions have been given by the late Captain Thomas,
R.N.,[56] and Sir Arthur Mitchell,[57] who visited some of them together
in 1866. Referring to the most modern examples of this kind of
structure, the latter writer says:--"They are commonly spoken of as
beehive houses, but their Gaelic name is _bo'h_ or _bothan_. They are
now only used as temporary residences or shealings by those who herd
the cattle at their summer pasturage; but at a time not very remote they
are believed to have been the permanent dwellings of the people." And he
thus describes his first sight of the beehive houses:--

"I do not think I ever came upon a scene which more surprised me,
and I scarcely know where or how to begin my description of it.

"By the side of a burn which flowed through a little grassy glen
... we saw two small round hive-like hillocks, not much higher than
a man, joined together, and covered with grass and weeds. Out of
the top of one of them a column of smoke slowly rose, and at its
base there was a hole about three feet high and two feet wide,
which seemed to lead into the interior of the hillock--its
hollowness, and the possibility of its having a human creature
within it being thus suggested. There was no one, however, actually
within the _bo'h_, the three girls, when we came in sight, being
seated on a knoll by the burn-side, but it was really in the inside
of these two green hillocks that they slept, and coo