total of 11 runways and 22 skiways for fixed-wing aircraft; some
stations have both runways and skiways; commercial enterprises
operate two aircraft landing facilities at one station; helicopter
pads are available at all 37 year-round and 15 seasonal stations
operated by National Antarctic Programs; the 11 runways are suitable
for wheeled, fixed-wing aircraft: three are gravel, four blue-ice,
two sea-ice and two compacted snow; of these, five are 3 km in
length, two are between 2 km and 3 km in length, three are between 1
km and 2 km in length and one is less than 1 km in length; the 22
snow surface skiways are limited to use by ski-equipped, fixed-wing
aircraft; of these, three are equal to or greater than 3 km in
length, one is between 2 km and 3 km in length, nine are between 1
km and 2 km in length, five are less than 1 km in length, and four
are of unknown or variable length; snow surface skiways are
generally prepared and maintained during specific periods only and
during summer; all aircraft landing facilities subject to severe
restrictions and limitations resulting from extreme seasonal and
geographic conditions; aircraft landing facilities do not meet ICAO
standards; advance approval from the respective governmental or
nongovernmental operating organization required for using their
facilities; landed aircraft are subject to inspection in accordance
with Article 7, Antarctic Treaty; guidelines for the operation of
aircraft near concentrations of birds in Antarctica were adopted in
2004; relevant legal instruments and authorization procedures
adopted by states party to the Antarctic Treaty regulating access to
the Antarctic Treaty area, that is to all areas between 60 and 90
degrees of latitude South, have to be complied with (see information
under "Legal System"); an Antarctic Flight Information Manual (AFIM)
providing up-to-date details of Antarctic air facilities and
procedures is maintained and published by the Council of Managers of
National Antarctic Programs (2006)

Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 28
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 10
under 914 m: 4
length unknown or variable: 4 (2006)

Heliports:
37
note: all 37 year-round and 15 seasonal stations operated by
National Antarctic Programs stations have restricted helicopter
landing facilities (helipads) (2006)

Ports an