airdner (London, 1876); _Three Fifteenth Century Chronicles_, edited by
J. Gairdner (London, 1880); J. Gairdner, Introduction to the _Paston
Letters_ (London, 1904); G. Kriehn, _The English Rising of 1450_
(Strassburg, 1892.)

CADENABBIA, a village of Lombardy, Italy, in the province of Como, about 15
m. N.N.E. by steamer from the town of Como. It is situated on the W. shore
of the lake of Como, and owing to the great beauty of the scenery and of
the vegetation, and its sheltered situation, is a favourite spring and
autumn resort. The most famous of its villas is the Villa Carlotta, now the
property of the duke of Saxe-Meiningen, which contains marble reliefs by
Thorwaldsen, representing the triumph of Alexander, and statues by Canova.

CADENCE (through the Fr. from the Lat. _cadentia_, from _cadere_, to fall),
a falling or sinking, especially as applied to rhythmical or musical
sounds, as in the "fall" of the voice in speaking, the rhythm or measure of
verses, song or dance. In music, the word is used of the closing chords of
a musical phrase, which succeed one another in such a way as to produce,
first an expectation or suspense, and then an impression of finality,
indicating also the key strongly. "Cadenza," the Italian form of the same
word, is used of a free flourish in a vocal or instrumental composition,
introduced immediately before the close of a movement or at the end of the
piece. The object is to display the performer's technique, or to prevent
too abrupt a contrast between two movements. Cadenzas are usually left to
the improvisation of the performer, but are sometimes written in full by
the composer, or by some famous executant, as in the cadenza in Brahms's
_Violin Concerto_, written by Joseph Joachim.

CADER IDRIS ("the Seat of Idris"), the second most imposing mountain in
North Wales, standing in Merionethshire to the S. of Dolgelly, between the
broad estuaries of the Mawddach and the Dovey. It is so called in memory of
Idris Gawr, celebrated in the Triads as one of the three "Gwyn
Serenyddion," or "Happy Astronomers," of Wales, who is traditionally
supposed to have made his observations on this peak. Its loftiest point,
known as Pen-y-gader, rises to the height of 2914 ft., and in clear weather
commands a magnificent panorama of immense extent. The mountain is
everywhere steep and rocky, especially on its southern side, which falls
abruptly towards the Lake of Tal-y-llyn. Mention of Cader Idris and its