ucceeded Burnside, Butterfield was
appointed chief of staff, Army of the Potomac, and in this capacity he
served in the Chancellorsville and Gettysburg campaigns. Not being on good
terms with General Meade he left the staff, and was soon afterwards sent as
chief of staff to Hooker, with the XI. and XII. corps (later combined as
the XX.) to Tennessee, and took part in the battle of Chattanooga (1863),
and the Atlanta campaign of the following year, when he commanded a
division of the XX. corps. His services were recognized by the brevets of
brigadier-general and major-general in the regular army. He resigned in
1870, and for the rest of his life was engaged in civil and commercial
pursuits. In 1862 he wrote a manual of _Camp and Outpost Duty_ (New York,
1862). General Butterfield died at Cold Spring, N.Y., on the 17th of July
1901.

A _Biographical Memorial_, by his widow, was published in 1904.

BUTTERFIELD, WILLIAM (1814-1900), English architect, was born in London,
and educated for his profession at Worcester, where he laid the foundations
of his knowledge of Gothic architecture. He settled in London and became
prominent in connexion with the Cambridge Camden Society, and its work in
the improvement of church furniture and art. His first important building
was St Augustine's, Canterbury (1845), and his reputation was made by All
Saints', Margaret Street, London (1859), followed by St Alban's, Holborn
(1863), the new part of Merton College, Oxford (1864), Keble College,
Oxford (1875), and many houses and ecclesiastical buildings. He also did
much work as a restorer, which has been adversely criticized. He was a keen
churchman and intimately associated with the English church revival. He had
somewhat original views as to colour in architecture, which led to rather
garish results, his view being that any combination of the natural colours
of the materials was permissible. His private life was retiring, and he
died unmarried on the 23rd of February 1900.

BUTTERFLY AND MOTH (the former from "butter" and "fly," an old term of
uncertain origin, possibly from the nature of the excrement, or the yellow
colour of some particular species; the latter akin to O. Eng. _mod_, an
earth-worm), the common English names applied respectively to the two
groups of insects forming the scientific order Lepidoptera (_q.v._).

BUTTER-NUT, the product of _Caryocar nuciferum_, a native of tropical South
America. The large nuts, known also as