siatics
after the failure of their attack were worn down and almost annihilated.
Chaeroneia is also notable as the birthplace of Plutarch, who returned
to his native town in old age, and was held in honour by its citizens
for many successive generations. Pausanias (ix. 40) mentions the divine
honours accorded at Chaeroneia to the sceptre of Agamemnon, the work of
Hephaestus (cf. _Iliad_, ii. 101). The site of the town is partly
occupied by the village of Kapraena; the ancient citadel was known as
the Petrachus, and there is a theatre cut in the rock. A colossal seated
lion a little to the S.E. of the site marks the grave of the Boeotians
who fell fighting against Philip; this lion was found broken to pieces;
the tradition that it was blown up by Odysseus Androutsos is incorrect
(see Murray, _Handbook for Greece_, ed. 5, 1884, p. 409). It has now
been restored and re-erected (1905).

AUTHORITIES.--Thucydides iv. 76; Diodorus xvi. 85-86; Plutarch,
_Alexander_, ch. 9; _Sulla_, chs. 16-19; Appian, _Mithradatica_, chs.
42-45; W.M. Leake, _Travels in Northern Greece_ (London, 1835), ii.
112-117, 192-201; B.V. Head, _Historia Numorum_ (Oxford, 1887), p.
292; J. Kromayer, _Antike Schlachtfelder in Griechenland_ (Berlin,
1903), pp. 127-195; G. Sotiriades in _Athen. Mitteil._ 1903, pp. 301
ff.; 1905, p. 120; 1906, p. 396; [Greek: Ephem. Archaiol.], 1908, p.
65.

CHAETOGNATHA, the name given by R. Leuckhart to a small group of
transparent and for the most part pelagic organisms, whose position in
the animal kingdom is a very isolated one. Only three genera, _Sagitta_,
_Spadella_ and _Krohnia_, are recognised, and the number of species is
small. Nevertheless these animals exist in extraordinary quantities, so
that at certain seasons and under certain conditions the surface of the
sea seems almost stiff with the incredible multitude of organisms which
pervade it. Rough seas, &c., cause them to seek safety in dropping into
deeper water. Deep-sea forms also occur, but in spite of this the group
is essentially pelagic.

[Illustration: _Spadella cephaloptera_ (Busch).

St, Septa dividing body-cavity transversely.
g^2, Cerebral ganglia.
n^1, Commissure uniting this with ventral ganglion (not shown in fig.).
n^2, Nerve uniting cerebral ganglia with small ganglia on head.
nr, Olfactory nerve.
d, Alimentary canal.
r, Olfactory organ.
te, Tentacle.
t, Tactile hairs springing from surface of bod