form two eyes.
Take a round turn with this round the bolt, put a marline-spike through
each eye and heave around (Fig. 104).

[Illustration: Fig. 104.]

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MISCELLANEOUS ODDS AND ENDS.

(1). +A Palm and Needle Whipping+ is a more permanent way of securing
a rope's end from fraying than the common whipping put on by hand.
First, place the needle under one of the strands and draw nearly the
whole length of twine through. Take a considerable number of turns
round the rope with the twine, drawing each well taut in turn, and
finish up by following round with the needle between each strand,
forming a series of frappings, and cut off the end of the twine short
(Fig. 105).

[Illustration: Fig. 105.]

(2). +A West Country Whipping+ is formed by middling the twine around
the part of the rope to be marked and half knotting it at every half
turn, so that each half knot will be on opposite sides. When a
sufficient number of turns are passed, finish it off with a reef knot.

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(3). +An American Whipping+ is sometimes used for the ends of hawsers.
It is commenced in the same way as a common whipping, but finished off
by having both ends out in the middle of the whipping and forming a
reef knot. This is done by leaving the first end out when you commence
to pass the turns on the bight over the last end.

(4). +To Point a Rope End+.--First put a stop on at twice and a half
the circumference of the rope from the end, which will leave about the
length for pointing, unlay the rope to the stop and then unlay the
strands. Split a number of the outside yarns and make a nettle out of
each yarn. (A nettle is made by laying up the yarns with the finger
and thumb left-handed.) When the nettles are made stop them back on
the standing part of the rope; then form the point with the rest of the
yarns by scraping them down to a proper size with a knife, and marl
them down together with twine; divide the nettles, taking every other
one up and every other one down. Pass three turns with a piece of
twine--which is called the warp--very taut round the part where the
nettles separate, taking a hitch with the last turn. Continue to
repeat this process by placing every alternate nettle up and down,
passing the warp or "filling," taking a hitch each time, until the {58}
point is to its required length. It is generally finished off by
working a small Flemish eye in the end (Figs. 106 and 107).

[Illustration: Fig. 106.