education to the American Roberts College at
Constantinople.

Ferdinand, always supported by Austria, with whom he has always been
in secret alliance, has devoted large sums to anti-Serb and
anti-Greek propaganda in Bulgaria, Macedonia, and throughout the
world, preparing for the day when his designs of conquest could be
carried into effect.

As the First Balkan War drew to a finish, when King Ferdinand's grip
had hardly closed on the golden prize of that war, Adrianople, which
the Serbs helped their Bulgar brothers to conquer, and whose Turkish
commander and his staff, as fate decreed, were actually captured by
the Serbs and handed over by them to the Bulgarians, Ferdinand
turned his army westward to attack the Serbs, leaving Adrianople and
Thracia, rich territory which the Bulgars had just reconquered at
such cost of blood and which was confirmed to Bulgaria by the Treaty
of London, to fall back unprotected into the hands of the Turks.

On the night of June 29, 1913, without any declaration of war, the
Bulgarian army suddenly attacked the Serbians and Greeks all along
the line, over 250 miles in length. Apparently General Savoff, the
Bulgarian commander, had taken the initiative upon himself, for all
that night and the next day the Government in Sofia kept sending
telegrams ordering the operations to cease.

All through July the fighting continued, and the battles were far
more bloody than those that had been fought with the Turks in the
first war. In the south the Bulgarians were decidedly beaten, but
this was because they had counted on holding the Greeks back with
only 70,000 men.

The main fighting was on the Bregalnitza River, between the Serbians
and the Bulgarians. Here the Bulgarians also suffered a reverse. And
the Serbians were suffering losses that they could less afford than
the Bulgarians. Whether the Bulgarians might eventually have won
out, as their lines were contracted and the Greeks were drawn away
from their base at Saloniki, was a military question that was not to
be decided. For at this juncture Rumania took unexpected action. She
suddenly on July 10 began an invasion of Bulgaria from the north,
and by the end of the month her cavalry screens were within twenty
miles of the Bulgarian capital. The Turks, too, had recrossed the
frontier and were once more in possession of Adrianople, which the
small Bulgarian garrison surrendered without resistance. Literally
the armies of all her neighbors