dual liberty."

A year later, on August 20, 1917, the _New York Globe_ carried the
following advertisement:--

FORTUNE IN SUGAR

"The price of labor in practically all the cane sugar growing
countries has gone steadily up for years, except in Hayti, where
costs are lowest in the world.

"_Hayti now is under U. S. Control._

"The Haitian-American corporation owns the best sugar lands in
Hayti, owns railroads, wharf, light and power-plants, and is
building sugar mills of the most modern design. There is assured
income in the public utilities and large profits in the sugar
business. We recommend the purchase of the stock of this
corporation. Proceedings are being taken to list this stock on the
New York Stock Exchange.

"Interesting story 'Sugar in Hayti' mailed on request.

"P. W. Chapman & Co., 53 William St., N. Y. C."

Hayti remained "under United States control" until the revelations of
the summer of 1920 (see _The Nation_, July 10 and August 28, 1920), when
it was shown that the natives were being compelled, by the American
forces of occupation, to perform enforced labor on the roads and to
accept a rule so tyrannous that thousands had refused to obey the orders
of the military authorities, and had been shot for their pains. On
October 14, 1920, the _New York Times_ printed a statement from
Brigadier General George Barnett, formerly Commandant General of the
Marine Corps, covering the conditions in Hayti between the time the
marines landed (July, 1915) and June, 1920. General Barnett alleges in
his report that there was evidence of "indiscriminate" killing of the
natives by the American Marines; that "shocking conditions" had been
revealed in the trial of two members of the army of occupation, and that
the enforced labor system should be abolished forthwith. The report
shows that, during the five years of the occupation, 3,250 Haytians had
been killed by the Americans. During the same period, the losses to the
army of occupation were 1 officer and 12 men killed and 2 officers and
26 men wounded.

The attitude of the United States authorities toward the Haytians is
well illustrated by the following telegram which the United States
Acting Secretary of the Navy sent on October 2, 1915, to Admiral
Caperton, in charge of the forces in Hayti: "Whenever the Haytians wish,
you may permit the election of a president to