ormous fortune, the largest up to that time made by any
American.

[Illustration: Steps in the Development of the Steam-boat

The top figure represents a boat of the 15th Century propelled by
paddle wheels. Below is a steam tug, the design of Jonathan Hulls,
who received a patent on his invention from the British government
in 1736. It appears that some time later, in 1802, Robert Fulton,
who was then in England, actually rode in a tug of similar design
built by William Symington. Fulton, however, was the first to
construct a steam-boat in the modern sense of the term. The
illustrations used above were taken from the Supplement to the
Sixth Edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica.]

Six miles above Rhinecliff we pass Anandale on the right, the former
home of Gen. Richard Montgomery (b. 1736), who was killed Dec. 31, 1775,
while conducting the American attack on Quebec.

It is not always remembered that the Americans undertook an
expedition against Quebec during the first year of the
Revolutionary War. Gen. Montgomery was joined near Quebec by
Benedict Arnold, then a colonel, and they pushed on towards their
objective with barely 800 men. The assault met a complete defeat;
almost at the first discharge, Montgomery was killed, and many of
his men were taken prisoners. In 1818 Mrs. Montgomery, then a
gray-haired widow, sat alone on the porch of the house while the
remains of Gen. Montgomery were brought down the Hudson on the
steamer "Richmond" with great funeral pomp. A monument has been
erected in St. Paul's Chapel, N.Y.C., where his remains were
finally interred. General and Mrs. Montgomery, who was a daughter
of Robert R. Livingston, had been married only two years when he
went away on his expedition.

Just north of Tivoli (98 M.) is the site of the Manor House of the
Livingston family, "Clermont," after which Robert Fulton named his first
steamboat.

The Livingston Manor comprised the greater part of what are now
Dutchess and Columbia Counties. The founder of the family was
Robert Livingston (1654-1725) who was born at Ancrum, Scotland,
emigrated to America about 1673 and received these manorial
grants in 1686. He was a member of the N.Y. Assembly for several
terms. The Livingston Manor was involved in anti-rent troubles
which began in the Rensselaer Manor.

109 M. GREENDALE, Pop.