Cement 9,112,000 7,287,000

No. of employees 252,106 268,710
Total wages $479,548,040 $452,663,524

The average wage per day (excluding general administration and
selling force) was $6.12 in 1919 and $5.33 the year before. In
1919 the corporation spent $1,131,446 for safety work and the
like, and (1?)5 hospitals, with a staff of 162 physicians and
surgeons, were maintained.

The various works controlled by the Steel Corporation include the
Carnegie Steel Co, the Illinois Steel Co., the Universal Portland
Cement Co., the Indiana Steel Co., the Minnesota Steel Co., the
Lorain Steel Co., the National Tube Co., the American Steel and
Wire Co., the American Sheet and Tin Plate Co., the Sharon Tin
Plate Co., the American Bridge Co., the Union Steel Co., the
Clairton Steel Co., the Clairton By-Product Co., the Canadian
Steel Corporation, the Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Co., the
Fairfield Steel Co. and the Chickasaw Shipbuilding & Car Co.

1001 M. CHICAGO, Pop. 2,701,705. (Train 3 arrives 7:40a; No. 41, 1:00p;
No. 25, 9:45a; No. 19, 4:00p. Eastbound: No. 6 leaves 10:25a; No. 26,
12:40p; No. 16, 1:30p; No. 22, 5:30p.)

[Illustration: Chicago in 1820]

The old Chicago portage was used by the Indians in travelling by canoe
from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi and then to the Gulf of Mexico,
long before any white man had visited the site of the present city on
the shore of Lake Michigan. The portage connected the Chicago River,
then flowing into Lake Michigan, with the Des Plaines River, flowing
into the Illinois River, which in turn discharges into the Mississippi
opposite a point not far from St. Louis. It is probable that the first
white men to visit the city of Chicago were Father Marquette (1637-1675)
and Louis Joliet, though La Salle may have used the portage at an
earlier date in the course of one of his journeys of exploration. It is
certain, however, that La Salle established a fort at Starved Rock, some
miles south of the present city of Chicago, in 1682; and it is in the
journal of one of La Salle's followers, Joutel, that we find the first
explanation of the name "Chicago." Joutel says that Chicago took its
name from the profusion of garlic growing in the surrounding woods.

Joutel and his party were in Chicago in March, 1688, when lack of
provision forced them to re