in the color of the
skin and hair, in the defective beard, high cheek-bones, and
in the direction of the eyes."[539:1]

Dr. Morton says:

"In reflecting on the aboriginal races of America, we are at
once met by the striking fact, that their physical characters
are wholly independent of all climatic or known physical
influences. Notwithstanding their immense geographical
distribution, embracing every variety of climate, it is
acknowledged by all travellers, that there is among this
people a prevailing type, around which all the tribes--north,
south, east and west--cluster, though varying within
prescribed limits. With trifling exceptions, all our American
Indians bear to each other some degree of family resemblance,
quite as strong, for example, as that seen at the present day
among full-blooded Jews."[539:2]

James Orton, the traveler, was also struck with the likeness of the
American Indians to the Chinese, including the flatted nose. Speaking of
the Zaparos of the Napo River, he says:

"The Zaparos in physiognomy somewhat resemble the Chinese,
having a middle stature, round face, small eyes set angularly,
and a broad, flat nose."[539:3]

Oscar Paschel says:

"The obliquely-set eyes and prominent cheek-bones of the
inhabitants of Veragua were noticed by Monitz Wagner, and
according to his description, out of four Bayano Indians from
Darien, three had thoroughly Mongolian features, including the
flatted nose."

In 1866, an officer of the Sharpshooter, the first English man-of-war
which entered the Parana River in Brazil, remarks in almost the same
words of the Indians of that district, that their features vividly
reminded him of the Chinese. Burton describes the Brazilian natives at
the falls of Cachauhy as having thick, round Kalmuck heads, flat Mongol
faces, wide, very prominent cheek bones, oblique and sometimes
narrow-slit Chinese eyes, and slight mustaches.

Another traveler, J. J. Von Tschudi, declares in so many words that he
has seen Chinese whom at the first glance he mistook for Botocudos, and
that since then he has been convinced that the American race ought not
to be separated from the Mongolian. His predecessor, St. Hilaire,
noticed narrow, obliquely-set eyes and broad noses among the Malali of
Brazil. Reinhold Hensel says of the Coroados, that their features are of
Mongoloid type, due