A., Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford.

X.--Cicero, and the Fall of the Roman Republic. By J.L.
STRACHAN-DAVIDSON, M.A., Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford.

XI.--Abraham Lincoln, and the Downfall of American Slavery. By NOAH
BROOKS.

XII.--Prince Henry (of Portugal) the Navigator, and the Age of
Discovery. By C.R. BEAZLEY, Fellow of Merton College, Oxford.

XIII.--Julian the Philosopher, and the Last Struggle of Paganism against
Christianity. By ALICE GARDNER, Lecturer on Ancient History, Newnham
College.

XIV.--Louis XIV., and the Zenith of the French Monarchy. By ARTHUR
HASSALL, M.A., Senior Student of Christ Church College, Oxford.

(For titles of volumes next to appear and for further details of this
Series see prospectus at end of volume.)

G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, PUBLISHERS
NEW YORK AND LONDON

* * * * *

Heroes of the Nations

Edited by Evelyn Abbot, M.A.
Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford

FACTA DUCIS VIVENT, OPEROSAQUE GLORIA RERUM.--OVID, IN LIVIAM, 265.

THE HERO'S DEEDS AND HARD-WON FAME SHALL LIVE.

PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR
THE HERO OF PORTUGAL AND OF MODERN DISCOVERY
1394-1460 A.D.

With an Account of Geographical Progress Throughout the Middle Ages As
the Preparation for His Work

by

C. RAYMOND BEAZLEY, M.A., F.R.G.S.

Fellow of Merton College, Oxford; Geographical Student in the University
of Oxford, 1894

Venient annis saecula seris
Quibus Oceanus vincula rerum
Laxet, et ingens pateat tellus,
Tethys que novos detegat orbes,
Nec sit terris ultima Thule.

SENECA, _Medea_ 376/380.

[Illustration: GATEWAY AT BELEM. WITH STATUE, BETWEEN THE DOORS, OF
PRINCE HENRY IN ARMOUR.]

G. P. Putnam's Sons
New York
27 West Twenty-Third Street
London
24 Bedford Street, Strand
The Knickerbocker Press
1895
Copyright, 1894
by
G. P. Putnam's Sons
Entered at Stationers' Hall, London
Electrotyped, Printed and Bound by
The Knickerbocker Press, New York
G. P. Putnam's Sons

CONTENTS.

PAGE
PREFACE xvii

INTRODUCTION.

THE GREEK AND ARABIC IDEAS OF THE WORLD, AS
THE CHIEF INHERITANCE OF THE CHRISTIAN
MIDDLE AGES IN GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE. 1

CHAPTER I.

EARLY CHRISTIAN PILGRIMS (CIRCA 333-867) 29

CHAPTER II.

VIKINGS OR NORTHMEN (CIRCA 787-1066)