AP 54

(B. Mus., Cotton mss., Tib. B.V., fol. 59). This gives
us the most interesting and accurate view of the world
that we get in the pre-Crusading Christian science. The
square, but not conventional outline is detailed with
considerable care and precision. The writing, though
minute, is legible; but the Nile, which, like the Red
Sea in Africa, is coloured _red_, in contrast to the
ordinary _grey_ of water in this example, is made to
wander about Africa from side to side, with occasional
disappearances, in a thoroughly mythical fashion. This
map, from a ms. of Priscian's _Peviegesis_, appears
to have been executed at the end of the 10th century; it
is on vellum, highly finished, and has been engraved, in
outline, in Playfair's _Atlas_ (Pl. I), and more fully
in the _Penny Magazine_ (July 22, 1837). In the reign
of Henry II., it appears to have belonged to Battle Abbey.

THE TURIN MAP OF THE 11TH CENTURY 76

(B. Mus., Map room. From Ottino's reproduction).
One of the oldest and simplest of Christian Mappe-Mondes,
giving a special prominence to Paradise, (with the figures
of Adam, Eve, and the serpent), to the mountains and
rivers of the world, and to the four winds of heaven. It is
to be associated with the Spanish map of 1109, and the
Mappe-Monde of St. Sever.

THE SPANISH-ARABIC MAP OF 1109 84

(B. Mus., Add. mss., 11695). The original, gorgeously
coloured, represents the crudest of Christian and Moslem
notions of the world. Even more crude than in the Turin
map and the Mappe-Monde of St. Sever, both of which offer
some resemblances to this. The earth is represented as of
quadrangular shape, surrounded by the ocean. At the E.
is Paradise with the figures of the Temptation. A part of
the S. is cut off by the Red Sea, which is straight (and
coloured red), just as the straight Mediterranean, with its
quadrangular islands, divides the N.W. quarter, or Europe,
from the S.W. quarter, or Africa. The AEgean Sea joins
the Mediterranean at a right angle, in the centre of the
map. In the ocean, bordering the whole, are square
islands, _e.g._, Tile (Thule), Britania, Scocia,
Fu(o)rtunarum insula. The Turin map occurs in another
copy of the same work--_A Commentary on the Apocalypse_.

THE PSALTER MAP OF THE 13TH CENTURY 92