note A: "Englishmen, reasoning from a restricted course of
trade, are constantly prone to the belief that the purchase of
foreign corn, from some unexplained necessity, must take away
their gold. Americans, from the same cause, reason in the same
manner respecting the purchase of foreign goods. Under the
action of the restrictive system, there may be some truth in the
reasonings of each party, but they certainly form a beautiful
running commentary upon each other."]

"As to any proposed gain by the Colonial trade, it is the very
thing rejected by the restrictions on the trade with the United
States. What are these States but the greatest colonies ever
planted by Great Britain? and their independence does not at all
prevent England from deriving all the advantage from them ever
to be derived from colonies. The only good which England can
derive from her extensive colonization is not to be gained by
swaying a barren sceptre over distant colonies, but by spreading
abroad her race, her language, her civilization, and thus
enlarging the sphere of her commerce. Under a free system of
intercourse England would not derive less benefit, at present,
from the United States than if they had remained a part of the
British dominions, for if trade were free, they would not trade
the less because of their independence, or furnish less food, or
at higher prices. England, however, seems determined to
sacrifice all the advantages which naturally accrue to her from
having colonized the finest part of the New World, and to refuse
the abundance and relief thus providentially prepared by her own
offspring."

The great importance of these extracts is the best apology for
their length--but there is yet another branch of the subject. A
country whose population is beyond its means of supply from its
own soil, has no resources but that of her manufactures and
foreign trade; if these be dried up, her people must emigrate or
starve. But the United States has an alternative;--her first and
best resource,--and the most profitable application of her
industry is in her broad and fertile lands, the superabundant
produce of which would not only feed, but, by exchange, clothe
her population, and supply them with all the comforts of
civilized life. She cannot avail herself of this to its full
extent witho