e."

Other royal haters of the plant issued the most strenous laws[47] and
affixed penalties of the severest kind, of these may be mentioned the
King of Persia, Amuroth IV. of Turkey, the Emperor Jehan-Gee and Popes
Urban VIII. and Innocent XII., the last of whom showed his dislike to
many other customs beside that of tobacco taking.

[Footnote 47: The Empress Elizabeth was less severe. She
decreed that the snuff-boxes of those who made use of
them in church should be confiscated to the use of the
beadle.]

One of the edicts which he issued was against the taking of snuff in
St. Peters, at Rome; this was in 1690; it was, however, revoked by
Pope Benedict XIV., who himself had acquired the indulgence.

[Illustration: Punishment for snuff-taking.]

Early in the Seventeenth Century tobacco found its way to
Constantinople. To punish the habit, a Turk was seized and a pipe
transfixed through his nose.

The death of King James, followed by its occupancy of the throne by
his son Charles I., did not lessen the persecution against
tobacco.[48] In 1625, the year of his accession, he issued a
proclamation against all tobaccos excepting only the growth of
Virginia and Somerites. Charles II. also prohibited the cultivation of
tobacco in England and Ireland, attaching a penalty of 10L per rood.
Fairholt, in alluding to the Stuarts and Cromwell as persecutors of
tobacco, says:

[Footnote 48: Tobacco has been able to survive such
attacks as these--nay, has raised up a host of defenders
as well as opponents. The Polish Jesuits published a
work entitled "Anti-Misocapnus," in answer to King
James. In 1628, Raphael Thorius wrote a poem "Hymnus
Tobaci." A host of names appear in the field: Lesus,
Braum and Simon Pauli, Portal, Pia, Vauquelin, Gardanne,
Posselt, Reimann, and De Morveau.]

"Cromwell disliked the plant, and ordered his troops to
trample down the crop wherever found."

It is an historical fact that both James I. and the two Charleses as
well as Cromwell had the strongest dislike against the Indian weed.

With such powerful foes it seems hardly possible that the custom
should have increased to such an extent that when William ascended the
throne the custom was said to be almost universal.[49] "Pipes grew
larger and ruled by a Dutchman, all E