d partial.

=General Mania= affects the intellect as well as the passions and
emotions. Mania is usually preceded by an incubative period in which the
patient's general health is affected. The duration of this period may
vary from a few days to fifteen or twenty years. When the disease is
established, the patient has paroxysms of violence directed against
himself as well as others. He tears his clothes to pieces, either
abstains from food and drink or eats voraciously, and sustains immense
muscular exertion without apparent fatigue. The face becomes flushed,
the eye wild and sparkling; there is pain, weight, and giddiness in the
head, with restlessness.

=General Intellectual Mania=, attacking the intellect alone, is rare;
but some one emotion or passion, as pride, vanity, or love of gain, may
obtain ascendancy, and fill the mind with intellectual delusions.

A _delusion_ may be defined as a perversion of the judgment, a
chimerical thought; an _illusion_, an incorrect impression of the
senses, counterfeit appearances; hence we speak of a delusion of the
mind, an illusion of the senses. Lawyers lay great stress on the
presence of delusions as indicative of insanity. An _hallucination_ is a
sensation which is supposed by the patient to be produced by external
impressions, although no material object acts upon his senses at the
time.

=Partial Intellectual Mania=, or =Monomania=, also called =Melancholia=,
is a form of the disease in which the patient becomes possessed of some
single notion, contradictory alike to common-sense and his own
experience.

=General Moral Mania.=--This is a morbid perversion of the natural
feelings, affections, inclinations, temper, habits, moral dispositions,
and natural impulses, without any remarkable disorder or defect of the
intellect, or knowing and reasoning faculties, and particularly without
any insane illusion or hallucination. It is often difficult to
distinguish this form of mania from the moral depravity which we
associate with the criminal classes.

=Partial Moral Mania--Paranoia--Delusional Insanity.=--In this form one
or two only of the moral powers are perverted. Delusions are always
present, and very frequently are those of persecution. The patient's
conduct is dominated by his delusion; thus murder and suicide may be
committed. There are several forms:

_Kleptomania_, a propensity to theft; common in women in easy
circumstances. _Dipsomania_, or _Oinomania_, an insati