lled mineral naphtha, petroleum naphtha, and
petroleum spirit. Benzoline is not the same as benzene or benzol, which
is one of the products of the dry distillation of coal.

From its very general use as a fuel in motor-cars many accidents have
happened from inhaling the vapour of petrol. It gives rise to coldness,
shallow respiration, syncope, and insensibility, but seldom death.

=Paraffin=, also known as kerosene and mineral oil, is a mixture of
saturated hydrocarbons obtained by the distillation of shale.

By the retailer the terms 'petroleum' and 'paraffin' oil are used
indifferently, and each is sold for the other without prejudice.

_Symptoms._--These substances are not very active poisons, and, as a
rule, even children recover. The breath has the odour of paraffin, the
face is pale and cyanotic, hot and dry, and there may be vomiting. Death
may result from gastro-enteritis or from coma.

_Fatal Dose._--In the case of an adult, 1/2 pint should not prove
lethal, and patients have recovered after drinking a pint.

_Treatment._--Emetics, purgatives, and stimulants.

XXXVII.--ANTIPYRINE, ANTIFEBRIN, PHENACETIN, AND ANILINE

Many of the synthetical coal-tar products now so largely employed as
analgesics are powerful toxic agents.

=Phenazone, Antipyrine, or Analgesin=, is a complex benzene derivative
prepared from aniline, aceto-acetic ether, and methyl iodide. It is in
colourless, inodorous, scaly crystals, which have a bitter taste. It is
soluble in its own weight of water.

_Tests._--Can be extracted from an alkaline solution of chloroform. The
residue left on the evaporation of chloroform should be employed for
testing. If heated with strong nitric acid and allowed to cool, a purple
colour is produced. Ferric chloride gives a blood-red coloration,
destroyed by the addition of mineral acids.

_Treatment._--Stimulants freely, inhalation of oxygen, patient to be
kept in the recumbent position.

=Acetanilide, Antifebrin, Phenylacetamide= (a constituent of 'Daisy' or
'headache' powders), is obtained by the interaction of acetic acid and
aniline. It is in colourless, inodorous, lamellar crystals, which have a
slight pungent taste. It is insoluble in water.

_Tests._--May be extracted from acid solutions by ether or chloroform.
If heated with solution of potassium hydroxide, odour of aniline is
given off; if liquid, when it is warmed with a few drops of chloroform,
a penetrating and unpleasant odour