when it undertakes some extra material or moral work that I do not
ask for;

2. when it constitutes itself sectarian, moralist, philanthropist, or
pedagogue;

3. when it strives to propagate within its borders, or outside of them,
any religious or philosophic dogma, or any special political or social
system.

For then, it adds a new article to the primitive pact, for which article
there is not the same unanimous and assured assent that existed for
the pact. We are all willing to be secured against violence and fraud;
outside of this, and on almost any other point, there are divergent
wills. I have my own religion, my own opinions, my habits, my customs,
my peculiar views of life and way of regarding the universe; now, this
is just what constitutes my personality, what honor and conscience
forbid me to alienate, and which the State has promised me to protect.
Consequently, when, through its additional article, it attempts to
regulate these in a certain way, if that way is not my way, it fails
to fulfill its primordial engagement and, instead of protecting me, it
oppresses me. Even if it should have the support of a majority, even
if all voters, less one, should agree to entrusting it with this
supererogatory function, were there only one dissenter, he would be
wronged, and in two ways.--

First of all, and in any event, the State, to fulfill its new tasks,
exacts from him an extra amount of subsidy and service; for, every
supplementary work brings along with it supplementary expenses; the
budget is overburdened when the State takes upon itself the procuring
of work for laborers or employment for artists, the maintenance of any
particular industrial or commercial enterprise, the giving of alms,
and the furnishing of education. To an expenditure of money add an
expenditure of lives, should it enter upon a war of generosity or of
propaganda. Now, to all these expenditures that it does not approve of,
the minority contributes as well as the majority which does approve
of them; so much the worse for the conscript and the tax-payer if they
belong to the dissatisfied group. Like it or not, the collector puts his
hand in the tax-payer's pocket, and the sergeant lays his hand on the
conscript's collar.--

In the second place, and in many circumstances, not only does the State
unjustly take more than its due, but it uses the money it has extorted
from me to apply unjustly new constraints against me. Such is the case,

* wh