ne hundred and sixty-two
thousand tons, of which Bordeaux provided two hundred and forty-six
vessels, carrying seventy-five thousand tons.--On the ruin of
manufactures cf. the reports of prefets in the year X., with details
from each department.--Arthur Young (II., 444) states that the
Revolution affected manufactures more seriously than any other branch of
industry.]

[Footnote 4217: Reports of prefets. (Orme, year IX.) "The purchasers
have speculated on the profits for the time being, and have exhausted
their resources. Many of them have destroyed all the plantations, all
the enclosures and even the fruit trees."--Felix Rocquam, ibid., 116.
(Report by Fourcroy on Brittany.) "The condition of rural structures
everywhere demands considerable capital. But no advances, based on any
lasting state of things, can be made."--Ibid., 236. (Report of Lacuee
on the departments around Paris.) "The doubtful owners of national
possessions cultivate badly and let things largely go to ruin."]

[Footnote 4218: Reports by prefets, years X. and XI. In general,
the effect of the partition of communal possessions was disastrous,
especially pasture and mountain grounds.--(Doubs.) "The partition of the
communal property has contributed, in all the communes, rather to
the complete ruin of the poor than to any amelioration of their
fate."--(Lozere.) "The partition of the communal property by the law
of June 10, 1792, has proved very injurious to cultivation." These
partitions were numerous. (Moselle.) "Out of six hundred and eighty-six
communes, one hundred and seven have divided per capitum, five hundred
and seventy-nine by families, and one hundred and nineteen have remained
intact."]

[Footnote 4219: Ibid. (Moselle.) Births largely increase in 1792. "But
this is an exceptional year. All kinds of abuses, paper-money, the
non-payment of taxes and claims, the partition in the communes, the sale
for nothing of national possessions, has spread so much comfort among
the people that the poorer classes, who are the most numerous, have had
no dread of increasing their families, to which they hope some day to
leave their fields and render them happy."]

[Footnote 4220: Mallet-Dupan, "Memoires," II., 29. (February 1, 1794.)
"The late crop in France was generally good, and, in some provinces, it
was above the average... I have seen the statements of two returns
made from twenty-seven departments; they declare an excess of fifteen,
twenty, thirty a