age 180.

It is perhaps needless to say that the philosophical laws which govern
the outward manifestations of a moving force, as equilibrium or
self-propagating activity, are for personal study, and are never to be
spoken of abstractly to the child, but merely to be illustrated with
simple explanations.

Transmitted Motion.

To show simply the law of transmitted motion, for instance, let the
child place his eight bricks on end, in a row, one half inch apart,
with their broad faces toward each other. Then ask him to give the one
at the right a very gentle push towards the others and see what will
happen; the result is probably as great a delight as you could
reasonably wish to put within his reach.

When he asks, "What makes them do so?" as every thoughtful child is
apt to do, let us ask the class the same question and set them
thinking about it. "Which brick did it?" we may say familiarly, and
they will see it all in a moment,--where the force originated, how it
gave itself to the next brick in order, that one in turn doing the
same, and so on.

This law of transmitted motion, when so simply illustrated in the
fourth gift, easily suggests to the children the force of example, and
indeed every physical law seems to have its correlate in the moral
world. We may make the children see it very clearly through the seven
poor, weak little bricks that fell down because they were touched by
the first one. They really could not help it; now, how about seven
little boys or girls? They can help doing things, can they not?

By such simple exercises and appropriate comments the children may be
made to realize their moral free agency.

READINGS FOR THE STUDENT.

Kindergarten at Home. _Emily Shirreff_. Pages 58-61.
Kindergarten Culture. _W. N. Hailmann_. 66.
Koehler's Kindergarten Practice. Tr. by _Mary Gurney_. 23, 24.
Kindergarten Guide. _J_. and _B. Ronge_. 13-24.
Pedagogics of the Kindergarten. _Fr. Froebel_. 166-95.
Paradise of Childhood. _Edward Wiebe_. 17-19.
Kindergarten Guide. _Kraus-Boelte_. 47-81.
Froebel and Education by Self-Activity. _H. Courthope Bowen_.
141, 142.
Kindergarten Toys. _H. Hoffmann_. 27-30.

FROEBEL'S FIFTH GIFT

"The material for making forms increases by degrees,
progressing according to law, as Nature prescribes. The
simple wild rose existed before the double one was formed by
careful culture. Children are too