lt of the fourteenth century and Jack
Cade's rebellion in the fifteenth century as the tumults of a riotous mob.
The great point is to see clearly in all these contests, successful and
unsuccessful, the movement for liberty, for greater security and expansion
of life in England, and to note that only by a stern endurance and a
willingness not to bear an irksome oppression have our liberties been won.
In the winning of these liberties we have proved our fitness for democracy,
for a government that will allow the fullest measure of self-development.

Now, what was it that Anselm contended for, first with William II. and then
with Henry I.?

ARCHBISHOP ANSELM AND NORMAN AUTOCRACY

Anselm was sixty when, in 1093, William II. named him for the Archbishopric
of Canterbury. In vain Anselm, who was Abbot of the famous monastery of
Bec, in Normandy, protested that he was too old, and that his business was
not with high place and power in this world. The King seemed to be dying,
and the bishops gathered round the sick bed would not hear of any refusal
on Anselm's part. They pushed the pastoral staff into his hands, and
carried him off to a neighbouring church, while the people shouted "Long
live the bishop!"

What everybody felt was that with Anselm as Archbishop things might be
better in England, for Anselm's reputation stood very high. He had been the
friend of Lanfranc, the late Archbishop; he had been an honoured guest at
the Court of William the Conqueror; and he was known for his deep learning,
his sanctity of life, and simple, disinterested devotion to duty. It was
hoped that with a man of such holiness at Canterbury some restraint might
be placed on the lawless tyranny of the Red King. Lanfranc had been the
trusted counsellor and right hand of the Red King's father: why should not
Anselm bring back the son to the paths of decency--at least? The Archbishop
of Canterbury was the chief man in the realm next to the king, and for
three years since Lanfranc's death the see had been kept vacant that
William Rufus might enjoy its revenues for his own pleasure. It was not
unreasonable that men should look to the appointment of Anselm as the
beginning of an amendment in Church and State. The trouble was that William
stuck to his evil courses.

The rule of William the Conqueror had been stern and harsh, and his hand
had been heavy on the English people. But there had been law and justice in
the rule; religion and morality had be