on the east to the Ganges, the distance
between these rivers being about 60 miles.

In the centre of this flat valley, the Kaolagir tea plantation has
been formed. Eight acres were under cultivation in 1847. There are
now 300 acres planted, and about 90 more taken in and ready for many
thousands of young plants raised lately from seeds in the
plantation.

2. _Soil and culture_.--The soil of this plantation is composed of
clay, sand, and vegetable matter, rather stiff, and apt to get
"baked" in dry weather, but free enough when it is moist or during
the rains. It rests upon a gravelly subsoil, consisting of
limestone, sandstone, clay-slate, and quartz rock, or of such rocks
as enter into the composition of the surrounding mountain ranges.
The surface is comparatively _flat_, although it falls in certain
directions towards the ravines and rivers.

The plants are arranged neatly in rows 6 feet apart, and each plant
is about 41/2 feet from its neighbour in the row. A long, rank-growing
species of grass, indigenous to the Doon, is most difficult to keep
from over-topping the tea-plants, and is the cause of much extra
labor. Besides the labor common to all tea countries in China, such
as weeding, and occasionally loosening the soil, there is here an
extensive system of irrigation carried on. To facilitate this, the
plants are planted in trenches, from four to six inches below the
level of the ground, and the soil thus dug out is thrown between the
rows to form the paths. Hence the whole of the plantation consists
of numerous trenches of this depth, and five feet from centre to
centre. At right angles with these trenches a small stream is fed
from the canal, and, by opening or shutting their ends, irrigation
can be carried on at the pleasure of the overseer.

3. _Appearance and health of plants_.--The plants generally did not
appear to me to be in that fresh and vigorous condition which I had
been accustomed to see in good Chinese plantations. This, in my
opinion, is caused, 1st, by the plantation being formed on _flat
land_; 2nd, by the system of _irrigation_; 3rd, by too early
plucking; and 4th, by hot drying winds, which are not unfrequent in
this valley from April to the beginning of June.

GUDDOWLI PLANTATION (NEAR PAORIE).

1. _Situation and extent_.--This plantation