adding distilled turpentine.

2221. When the leather is old and greasy, it should be cleaned
before applying this polish, with a brush wetted in a weak
solution of potass and water, washing afterwards with soft river
water, and drying thoroughly. If the leather is not black, one
or two coats of black ink may be given before applying the
polish. When quite dry, the varnish should be laid on with a
soft shoe-brush, using also a soft brush to polish the leather.

2222. When the leather is very old, it may be softened with
fish-oil, and, after putting on the ink, a sponge charged with
distilled turpentine passed over, to scour the surface of the
leather, which should be polished as above.

2223. _For fawn or yellow-coloured leather_, take a quart of
skimmed milk, pour into it 1 oz. of sulphuric acid, and, when
cold, add to it 4 oz. of hydrochloric acid, shaking the bottle
gently until it ceases to emit white vapours; separate the
coagulated from the liquid part, by straining through a sieve,
and store it away till required. In applying it, clean the
leather by a weak solution of oxalic acid, washing it off
immediately, and apply the composition when dry with a sponge.

2224. _Wheel-grease_ is usually purchased at the shops; but a
good paste is made as follows:--Melt 80 parts of grease, and
stir into it, mixing it thoroughly and smoothly, 20 parts of
fine black-lead in powder, and store away in a tin box for use.
This grease is used in the mint at Paris, and is highly
approved.

2225. _Carriages_ in an endless variety of shapes and names are
continually making their appearance; but the hackney cab or
clarence seems most in request for light carriages; the family
carriage of the day being a modified form of the clarence
adapted for family use. The carriage is a valuable piece of
furniture, requiring all the care of the most delicate
upholstery, with the additional disadvantage of continual
exposure to the weather and to the muddy streets.

2216. It requires, therefore, to be carefully cleaned before putting
away, and a coach-house perfectly dry and well ventilated, for the
wood-work swells with moisture; it shrinks also with heat, unless the
timber has undergone a long course of seasoning: it should also have a
dry floor, a boarded one being recommended. It must be removed from the
ammoni