n equilibrium between births and deaths, that being the most
stable and the happiest condition in which human beings can live
together.[22]

FOOTNOTES:

[10] Myres, _Eugenics Review_, April, 1915.

[11] Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, _Kultur der Gegenwart_, 2, 4, 1.

[12] Cimon, Pericles, and Socrates all had three sons, and
apparently no daughters.--Zimmern, _The Greek Commonwealth_,
p. 331.

[13] _Cf. (e.g.)_ Plato, _Theaetetus_, 149.

[14] We may suppose that the disproportion of the sexes,
caused by female infanticide, was about rectified by the
deaths of males in battle and civic strife. We do not hear
that the Greek had any difficulty in finding a wife.

[15] Families, he says, were limited to one or two 'in order
to leave these rich.'

[16] The population of England and Wales is said to have
been 4,800,000 in 1600, and 6,500,000 in 1750. It was
8,890,000 in 1801, 32,530,000 in 1901, and approximately
37,000,000 in 1914.

[17] Statistics are wanting for the early part of the
industrial revolution, but my study of pedigrees leads me to
think that the average duration of life was considerably
increased in the eighteenth century.

[18] _The Family and the Nation_, p. 143.

[19] The births per 1000 married men under fifty-five in the
different classes are:--Upper and middle class, 119;
Intermediate, 132; Skilled workmen, 153; Intermediate, 158;
Unskilled workmen, 213.

[20] It must be remembered that the illegitimate birth-rate
in Berlin is scandalously high.

[21] The crude birth-rate of Ireland is wholly misleading,
because so many young couples emigrate before the birth of
their first child.

[22] The possible effect of the labour movement in
diminishing the population is considered in the next Essay.
The last two years have, in my opinion, made the outlook
less favourable.

THE FUTURE OF THE ENGLISH RACE

(THE GALTON LECTURE, 1919)

In the year 1890 Sir Charles Dilke ended his survey of 'Greater Britain'
and its problems with the prediction that 'the world's future belongs to
the Anglo-Saxon, the Russian, and the Chinese races.' This was in the
heyday of British imperialism, which was inaugurated by Seeley's
'Expansion of England' and Froude's 'Oceana,' and which inspired Mr.
Chamberlain to proclaim at Toronto in 1887 th