y. It is only when we look upon what is to be known, that truth
separates into sciences; but particular truths become particular
sciences only under assumed relations to the whole of which they form a
part.

Objectively considered, science is classified knowledge; subjectively
viewed, it is the laws or principles according to which knowledge is
classified. Every actor implies an act--every thinker a thought. We may
therefore universally make this dual classification, according as we
view the mental operation involved, or the attributes of objects which
form the subject of thought. The possibility of science is conditioned
upon the possibility of classification. Mere knowledge is not science,
as the world ought to have learned by costly experience. Even classified
knowledge may not be science; it becomes science not through previous
classification, but in the act of being classified, and therefore only
as the principle of classification is apprehended--that is, only as the
particular application of the law of generalization is distinctly
recognized. A man may know a book and know nothing more; he knows the
science only when he is capable of making the book for himself. Mere
knowledge thus differs from science in that the one is held only by the
apprehensive powers of the mind, while the other passes beyond these
into the reflective or ratiocinative. Pure science, then, must be wholly
abstract. The forms and substances of Nature with which the scientific
student deals, are only the discrete figures of the young mathematician,
to be thrown aside with advancing knowledge. Matter is only the staff on
which the mind leans, while too feeble to go alone. It is not the finely
chiseled statue that renders a man a sculptor; it is the conception
which is therein embodied. A day-laborer may have cut the stone, but
only the artist could conceive the idea. So in science, we care but
little for the particular results at which we arrive, compared with the
laws, according to which the results have been attained.

But conceptions cannot be communicated without being rendered objective.
The ideal of the artist is locked up in his own mind, until on canvas,
in marble, or by means of some other physical symbol, he communicates
his high imaginings. Matter, then, according to the present constitution
of things is the condition of intellectual communication. Law cannot be
studied as abstract law; it can be studied only while acting, and that
w