say that the
child is a different species from the man, and that one passes into the
other by a process of evolution, because all the essential attributes of
the man are potentially present in the child. If the polyp, by the
action of innate forces, operating through a series of ages, however
extended, can, without any impulse from without, develop itself into a
man, then the polyp is as much a man as a boy is, differing only in the
time required for development: and the data for the final deduction of
the highest types of creation must be furnished in the most elementary
forms of life.

The force manifesting itself in organic life is readily distinguishable
from the organism by which it is manifested. Life and organization are
not synonyms; one is the condition of the other, but a condition is not
a cause. We can consider force apart from organism, and this possible
separation in thought proves that the same form may not represent both,
but that life can absolutely exist apart from organs which serve to give
it a physical manifestation.[3] Physical life being conditioned upon
organization, whenever the organism varies, the vital force thus
manifested must also vary, such variation being necessarily antecedent
to its manifestation. The organism varies, because it must, in order to
express the added thought. Change in organism, therefore, is not induced
by simple organic action, because the organs and the force acting
through them can be distinguished. Assuming that matter is the objective
or formal representation of thought, there can be no change in the
material expression without a corresponding change in the antecedent
conception. There can, then, be physical evolution, only as there is
antecedent logical evolution, and then only because of this logical
evolution and not because of the operation of an innate organic force.
Force, whatever may be its genesis, is only the exertion of power, not
the increase of it. Exertion limits the view to the force immediately in
operation. We may replace one manifestation by another, but the quantity
is neither increased nor diminished by this change. Change in form
implies the operation of force: and apart from such manifestation in
matter, it escapes the tests of science, and passes into the purely
metaphysical notion of cause. And unless the operation of force be
constant, or, if different forces are blended, variable according to
some determinate law, the action of which is con