rning Post_; Tom Syers, author of the 'Dialogues of the
Dead,' and Woodfall's brother William. This last started the _Morning
Chronicle_, in 1769, a paper whose fate it was, after lasting nearly a
century, to pass into the venal hands of Sergeant Glover (who sold it to
Louis Napoleon, in order that it might become _sub rosa_ a French organ
in London), and to die in consequence in well-merited dishonor.

The _Public Ledger_ was brought out by Newberry, the bookseller, in
1760, and is chiefly remarkable as being the vehicle through which
Goldsmith's 'Citizen of the World' was first given to the public.

'Poet Goldsmith, for shortness called 'Noll,'
Who wrote like an angel, but talked like poor Poll,'

received two guineas for his first article, and afterward became a
regular contributor at a guinea an article. William Radcliffe, the
husband of the authoress of 'The Mysteries of Udolfo,' edited the
_Englishman_, a paper to which Edmund Burke contributed, and
subsequently the _English Chronicle_ and the _Morning Herald_. Of all
these he was proprietor, either altogether or in part, and it seems to
have been customary for the editor to be the proprietor, or, more
strictly speaking, for the proprietor to be the editor.

The prosecutions in connection with the letters of Junius were not the
only attacks made upon the press at this time. Parliament again entered
the lists against it. There was a certain Lord Marchmont, whose especial
mission appears to have been to persecute the newspapers. Shakspeare
says,

'The evil that men do lives after them,
The good is oft interred with their bones;'

and whether or no my Lord Marchmont ever did any good cannot now be
ascertained. All that is known of him is that he was very pertinacious
and very successful in his onslaughts upon his victims, for, whenever he
saw the name of any member of the House of Peers in a journal, he used
to make a motion against the printer for breach of privilege, summon him
before the bar of the House, and have him heavily fined. The House of
Commons followed suit. The old bone of contention, the reporting of the
debates, was raked up again. There were then two giants of reporting,
William Woodfall, who, from his wonderful retentive powers, was called
by the _sobriquet_ of Memory Woodfall, and William Radcliffe. It was in
1771 that the House proceeded to active measures by a majority of ninety
votes to fifty-five. Orders were given to arrest the printers,