strength, it almost entirely loses its felting properties. On account
of this feature the process cannot be adopted for wool which has to be
fulled, but it is of service where felting of the goods is to be
avoided, for worsteds, underwear, woollen and half woollen hosiery,
etc., in which the felting property that occurs on washing is rather
objectionable.

By the chloring of the wool the intensity of the shade dyed is
increased to such a degree that when dyeing with Acid black, Naphthol
black, Naphthol green, Nigrosine, Fast blue, Water blue, and some
others dyed in an acid bath, but little more than half the dye used on
unchlored wool is required, while with Induline, more even and intense
shades are obtained than is otherwise possible.

The operation of chlorination can be done either in one or two (p. 038)
baths. The choice depends upon circumstances and the judgment of the
dyer. The process by the two-bath method, with subsequent dyeing in
the second or separate bath is (for 100 lb. of wool), as follows. The
first bath contains, for light cloths, yarn, etc., from 3 to 4 lb.
sulphuric acid, 168 deg. Tw., and for heavier cloths and felt, where the
penetration and equalisation of the colour is difficult, from 8 lb. to
10 lb. of acid. Generally speaking, a temperature of 170 deg. to 175
deg. F. is sufficient, although for heavy wool and for wool with poor
dyeing qualities it is well to use the bath at the boil. The treatment
lasts for half an hour, in which time the acid is almost completely
absorbed.

The second bath contains a clear solution of 10 lb. bleaching powder,
which solution is prepared as follows. Dry bleaching powder of the
best quality is stirred in a wooden vat with 70 gallons of water, the
mass is allowed to stand, the clear, supernatant liquor is run into
the vat and the sediment stirred up and again allowed to settle, the
clear liquor being run off as before, and 5 gallons more water is run
in. The clear liquors of these three treatments are then mixed
together to form the chloring bath. Special care should be taken that
no undissolved particles of the bleaching powder should be left in,
for if these settle on the wool they result in too great a development
of chlorine, which injures the wool.

The goods after being in the acid bath are entered in this chlorine
bath at a temperature of 70 deg. F., which is then raised to the boil. If
the acid bath has been strong, or been used at the boil, it