filled with the
dye-liquor, which can be heated up by a steam pipe. The pump is set in
motion, the dye-liquor is drawn from A to C, and in so doing passes
through the material packed in B and dyes it. The circulation of the
liquor is carried on as long as experience shows to be necessary. The
dye-liquor is run off, hot water is run in to wash the dyed material,
and the pump is kept running for some time to ensure thorough rinsing,
then the water is run off, and by keeping the pump running and air
going through a certain amount of drying can be effected. This machine
works very well, and with a little experience constant results can (p. 047)
be obtained. The slubbing or sliver may be scoured, bleached, rinsed,
dyed, washed, soaped, or otherwise treated without removing it from
the machine, which is a most decided advantage.

[Illustration: Fig. 14.--Read Holliday's Yarn-dyeing Machine.]

#Yarn Dyeing Machines.#--In figure 14 is given an illustration of a
machine for dyeing yarn in the hank form, made by Messrs. Read
Holliday & Sons, of Huddersfield. The illustration gives a very good
idea of the machine. It consists of a wooden dye-vat, which can be
heated by steam pipes in the usual way. Extending over the vat are a
number of reels or bobbins, these are best made of wood or enamelled
iron. These reels are in connection with suitable gearing, so that
they can be revolved. There is also an arrangement by means of which
the reels can be lifted bodily in and out of the dye-vat for the
purpose of taking on and off the hanks of yarn. A reel will hold about
2 lb. of yarn. The working of the machine is simple. The vat is filled
with the requisite dye-liquor. The reels which are lifted out of the
vat are then charged with the yarn, which has been previously wetted
out. They are then set in revolution and dropped into the dye-vat, and
kept there until it is seen that the yarn has acquired the desired
shade. The reels are lifted out and the hanks removed when the machine
is ready for another lot of yarn.

There are several makers of hank-dyeing machines of this type, and as
a rule they work very well. The only source of trouble is a slight
tendency for the yarn on one reel if hung loosely of becoming
entangled with the yarn on other reels. This is to some extent
obviated by hanging in the bottom of the hank a roller, which acts as
a weight and keeps the yarn stretched and so prevents it flying about.

To some makes of these m