se of its
alertness and discipline, was known as "the policeman of Europe." The
belief was general in Paris and London that the weight of men and
material thrown into the scale by Roumania would bring the to a speedy,
victorious end.

Germany, however, was confident. A spy system excelling in its detailed
reports anything that had heretofore been attempted, made smooth the
path of the German army. Scarcely had the Roumanian army launched a
drive in force into Transylvania on August 30th, when the message spread
from Bucharest "von Mackensen is coming. Recall the army. Draft all
males of military age. Prepare for the worst."

And the worst fell upon hapless Roumania. A vast force of military
engineers moving like a human screen in front of von Mackensen's array,
followed routes carefully mapped out by German spies during the period
of Roumanians neutrality. Military bridges, measured to the inch, had
been prepared to carry cannon, material and men over streams and
ravines. Every Roumanian oil well, mine and storehouse had been located
and mapped. German scientists had studied Roumanian weather conditions
and von Mackensen attacked while the roads were at their best and the
weather most favorable. As the Germans swept forward, spies met them
giving them military information of the utmost value. A swarm of
airplanes spied out the movements of the Roumanians and no Roumanian
airplanes rose to meet them.

[Illustration: Photograph]
THE USEFUL ROLE OF THE CARRIER PIGEON AT THE FRONT
No one would think of giving a Distinguished Service Medal to a
pigeon, but some of them performed service under fire that would have
entitled a soldier to it. Here American officers heading a division
are attaching a message to a pigeon in front of the headquarters
dugout.

[Illustration: Photograph]
BAGDAD THE MAGNIFICENT FALLS TO THE BRITISH
General Maude is here shown making his formal entry at the head of his
troops into the ancient city. This occurred on March 11, 1917, and was
the most notable exploit of General Maude, commander of the British
Mesopotamian expedition until his death by cholera nine months
afterwards.

General von Falkenhayn, co-operating with von Mackensen, smashed his way
through Vulkan Pass, and cut the main line running to Bucharest at
Craiova. The Dobrudja region was over-run and the central Roumanian
plain was swept clear of all Roumanian opposition to the German advance.
The seat