of bitter tincture and
candied orange-peel. The Bergamot orange has peculiarly fragrant
flowers and fruit, from each of which an essence of a delicious
quality is extracted.

122. CITRUS DECUMANA.--The shaddock, which has the largest fruit of the
family. It is a native of China and Japan, where it is known as
sweet ball. The pulp is acid or subacid, and in some varieties
nearly sweet. From the thickness of the skin the fruit will keep a
considerable time without injury.

123. CITRUS JAPONICA.--This is the Kum-quat of the Chinese. It forms a
small tree, or rather a large bush, and bears fruit about the size
of a large cherry. There are two forms, one bearing round fruits,
the other long, oval fruits. This fruit has a sweet rind and an
agreeably acid pulp, and is usually eaten whole without being
peeled. It forms an excellent preserve, with sugar, and is largely
used in this form.

124. CITRUS LIMETTA.--The lime, which is used for the same purposes as
the lemon, and by some preferred, the juice being considered more
wholesome and the acid more agreeable. There are several
varieties, some of them being sweet and quite insipid.

125. CITRUS LIMONUM.--The lemon; this plant is found growing naturally
in that part of India which is beyond the Ganges. It was unknown
to the ancient Greeks and Romans. It is supposed to have been
brought to Italy by the Crusaders. Arabian writers of the twelfth
century notice the lemon as being cultivated in Egypt and other
places. The varieties of the lemon are very numerous and valued
for their agreeable acid juice and essential oil. They keep for a
considerable time, especially if steeped for a short period in
salt water.

126. CITRUS MEDICA.--The citron, found wild in the forests of northern
India. The Jews cultivated the citron at the time they were under
subjection to the Romans, and used the fruit in the Feast of the
Tabernacles. There is no proof of their having known the fruit in
the time of Moses, but it is supposed that they found it at
Babylon, and brought it into Palestine. The citron is cultivated
in China and Cochin-China. It is easily naturalized and the seeds
are rapidly spread. In its wild state it grows erect; the branches
are spiny, the flowers purple on the outside and white on