.--A plant belonging to the cinchona family.
Emetic properties are assigned to the roots, which are also used
in dyeing. Native of Peru.

361. PTEROCARPUS MARSUPIUM.--This tree affords gum-kino, which is
obtained by making incisions in the bark, from which the juice
exudes and hardens into a brittle mass, easily broken into small
angular, shining fragments of a bright ruby color. It is highly
astringent. The wood is hard and valuable for manufacturing
purposes.

362. PUNICA GRANATUM.--The pomegranate, a native of northern Africa and
western Asia. The fruit is valued in warm countries on account of
its delicious cooling and refreshing pulp. Numerous varieties are
grown, some being sweet and vinous, and others acid or of a
bitter, stringent taste; the color also varies from light to dark
red. The bark of the root abounds in a peculiar principle called
_punicin_. This bark appears to have been known to the ancients,
and used by them as a vermifuge, and is still used in Hindostan as
a specific against tapeworm. The rind of the fruit of the bitter
varieties contains a large amount of tannin, and is used for
tanning morocco leather. The flowers yield a red dye.

363. QUASSIA AMARA.--The wood of this plant furnishes Surinam quassia.
It is destitute of smell, but has an intensely bitter taste, and
is used as a tonic. The root has also reputed medicinal value, as
also have the flowers.

364. QUILLAJA SAPONARIA.--The Quillai or Cully of the Chilians. Its
bark is called soap-bark, and is rough and dark-colored
externally, but internally consists of numerous regular whitish or
yellowish layers, and contains a large quantity of carbonate of
lime and other mineral matters. It is also rich in _saponine_, and
is used for washing clothes; 2 ounces of the bark is sufficient to
wash a dress. It also removes all spots or stains, and imparts a
fine luster to wool; when powdered and rubbed between the hands in
water, it makes a foam like soap. It is to be found in commerce.

365. RANDIA ACULEATA.--A small tree native of the West Indies, also
found in southern Florida. In the West Indies the fruit is used
for producing a blue dye, and medicinal properties are assigned to
the bark.

366. RAPHIA TAEDIGERA.--The Jupati palm. The leaf-stalks of this pl