elihood, and so simultaneously relieve suffering, starving
Jewry--the immediate phase of the _problem_--and afford a substantial
basis for the prosperity and ensuing civilization of the State.

2. To centralize the Jewish people by means of general institutions
agreeable to the laws of the land. By institutions are meant
banking-houses, schools, etc., which would promote the welfare of the
people and render the growth of a culture more unconstrained.

3. To strengthen Jewish national self-consciousness and national
sentiment;--this to be accomplished by the establishment of newspapers
and societies throughout the world, so as to secure the aid or
interest of the Jew who does not want to assimilate in behalf of a
national center, and offer a road of return to the Jew who has become
assimilated at the cost of his spiritual happiness.

4. To obtain the sanctions of Governments necessary for carrying out
the objects of Zionism. This demand for legal assurances, for a
charter if possible, distinguishes political Zionism in the matter of
means from the mere small-scale colonizing efforts of the
philanthropists and the Chovevei Zion societies, precisely as the very
conception of a State distinguishes it in the matter of ends. In the
words of Herzl, "We do not wish to smuggle in any settlers, and above
all, we do not wish to bring about any 'accomplished facts' without
preliminary agreement. We have absolutely no interest in bringing
about an economic strengthening of Turkey without a corresponding
compensation. The whole thing is to be accomplished according to the
simplest usage in the world: 'do ut des.' We Zionists think it more
foolish than noble to settle colonists without any legal and political
guarantees."[10]

_The Variant Views of Zionist Groups_

Beside the political Zionists, a large group can be distinguished as
Opportunist Zionists, the chief representative of whom is Israel
Zangwill,[11] who in his eagerness to relieve the Jewish _problem_ has
become impatient with the slow and seemingly fruitless political
progress, and who desires to lead his people to any vacant, habitable
territory rather than wait for a charter in Zion. Other leaders in the
movement, such as Ussischkin, contend that until the charter is
granted, colonization in Palestine should continue, both to satisfy
the Jewish demand for emigration and to give weight to the justice and
necessity for autonomy.

In sum, the establishing of Zion,