tion in Palestine, and aids materially the work of the
colonists. Funds for a Hygienic and Technical Institute have likewise
been started to further practical education.[32]

_The Revival of Jewish Culture_

The cultural revival in Palestine is plainly apparent in the excellent
work of the Bezalel,[33] the school of arts and crafts in Jerusalem,
named after the builder of the first tabernacle in the wilderness,
where are devised carpentry, copperware, wood-carving, basketry,
painting, and sculpture "of cunning workmanship" and of distinctly
Hebraic design. Another sign of great hope springs from the
widespread revival of ancient Hebrew as a living tongue, which has
become an awkward necessity among the older Jews gathered from many
different nations, and the free and natural expression of the
children. Several weeklies and monthlies are published in Hebrew.[34]
A National Jewish Library, soon to be housed in a fireproof building
at Jerusalem, was founded by Dr. Joseph Chazanowicz, a Zionist leader
in Russia, who devoted his entire income to it. In 1910 the Library
contained something over 15,000 volumes.[35] Finally, the Eleventh
Congress (1913), convened on the 2,500th anniversary of the
destruction of the old temple on Mount Moriah, witnessed the pledging
of $100,000 to the building of a Jewish National University at
Jerusalem--a new temple of culture and science.[36]

Precisely as the roots are more important than the blossoms in the
growth of a plant, the accomplishments without Palestine are more
significant than within. To-day the Golus (Diaspora) is the root, and
Palestine the stalk; some day the Zionists hope to reverse the
simile--this, in short, is the essence of the entire movement.

_The Accomplishments of Zionism Beyond Palestine_

Zionism's chief aims without Palestine are two: (1) Revival of
national consciousness, (2) Relief of the persecuted. In regard to the
second, the Zionist organization, constantly working to shift
emigration from West to East, has in a measure focused it upon
Palestine; and more important, it is rapidly perfecting adequate
machinery, which once securing the motive power of money in such
quantities as is now devoted to the Jewish Colonization Association,
will appreciably lessen the gravity of the Jewish _problem_.

In regard to the awakening of the national consciousness, the Zionist
societies, which number in the thousands, constitute centers for the
dissemination of p