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1. Charles Babbage, _Economy of Manufacturers._ Preface, p. v.
2. Halbert P. Gillette, Paper No. 1, American Society of
Engineering Contractors.
3. Gillette and Dana, _Cost Keeping and Management_, p. 5.
4. F.B. Gilbreth, _Motion Study_, p. 98.
5. F.W. Taylor, _Principles of Scientific Management_, p. 144.
6. F.W. Taylor, _Shop Management_, para. 16, Am. Soc. M.E., Paper
No. 1003.
7. William James, _Psychology_, Vol. I, p. 258.
8. F.B. Gilbreth, _Cost Reducing System_, Chap. 1.
9. Morris Llewellyn Cooke, _Bulletin No. 5 of the Carnegie
Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching_, p. 17.
10. F.W. Taylor, _Shop Management_, para. 234, Am. Soc. M.E., Paper
No. 1003.
11. F.W. Taylor, _Principles of Scientific Management_, pp. 33-38.
12. The idea called to mind by the use of a given word.--_Ed._
13. Henry R. Towne, Introduction to _Shop Management_. (Harper &
Bros.)
14. F.W. Taylor, _Principles of Scientific Management_, p. 123.
(Harper & Bros.)
15. Doubleday, Page & Co.
16. F.W. Taylor, _Principles of Scientific Management_, p. 137.
(Harper & Bros.)

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CHAPTER II

INDIVIDUALITY

DEFINITION OF INDIVIDUALITY.--"An individual is a single thing,
a being that is, or is regarded as, a unit. An individual is opposed
to a crowd. Individual action is opposed to associate action.
Individual interests are opposed to common or community interests."
These definitions give us some idea of the extent of individuality.
Individuality is a particular or distinctive characteristic of an
individual; "that quality or aggregate of qualities which
distinguishes one person or thing from another, idiosyncrasy." This
indicates the content.

For our purpose, we may define the study of individuality
as a consideration of the individual as a unit with special
characteristics. That it is a _unit_ signifies that it is one of
many and that it has likeness to the many. That it has _special
characteristics_ shows that it is one of many, but different from
the many. This consideration of individuality emphasizes both the
common element and the diverging characteristics.

INDIVIDUALITY AS TREATED IN THIS CHAPTER.--The recognition of
individuality is the subject of this chapter. The utilization of
this individuality in its deviation from class, is the