on by the sunbeams, as [3076]Baracellus the physician disputes,
and thence let fall with showers, or there engendered? [3077]Cornelius
Gemma is of that opinion, they are there conceived by celestial influences:
others suppose they are immediately from God, or prodigies raised by art
and illusions of spirits, which are princes of the air; to whom Bodin.
_lib. 2. Theat. Nat_. subscribes. In fine, of meteors in general,
Aristotle's reasons are exploded by Bernardinus Telesius, by Paracelsus his
principles confuted, and other causes assigned, sal, sulphur, mercury, in
which his disciples are so expert, that they can alter elements, and
separate at their pleasure, make perpetual motions, not as Cardan, Tasneir,
Peregrinus, by some magnetical virtue, but by mixture of elements; imitate
thunder, like Salmoneus, snow, hail, the sea's ebbing and flowing, give
life to creatures (as they say) without generation, and what not? P. Nonius
Saluciensis and Kepler take upon them to demonstrate that no meteors,
clouds, fogs, [3078]vapours, arise higher than fifty or eighty miles, and
all the rest to be purer air or element of fire: which [3079]Cardan,
[3080]Tycho, and [3081]John Pena manifestly confute by refractions, and
many other arguments, there is no such element of fire at all. If, as Tycho
proves, the moon be distant from us fifty and sixty semi-diameters of the
earth: and as Peter Nonius will have it, the air be so angust, what
proportion is there betwixt the other three elements and it? To what use
serves it? Is it full of spirits which inhabit it, as the Paracelsians and
Platonists hold, the higher the more noble, [3082]full of birds, or a mere
vacuum to no purpose? It is much controverted between Tycho Brahe and
Christopher Rotman, the landgrave of Hesse's mathematician, in their
astronomical epistles, whether it be the same _Diaphanum_ clearness, matter
of air and heavens, or two distinct essences? Christopher Rotman, John
Pena, Jordanus Brunus, with many other late mathematicians, contend it is
the same and one matter throughout, saving that the higher still the purer
it is, and more subtile; as they find by experience in the top of some
hills in [3083]America; if a man ascend, he faints instantly for want of
thicker air to refrigerate the heart. Acosta, _l. 3. c. 9._ calls this
mountain Periacaca in Peru; it makes men cast and vomit, he saith, that
climb it, as some other of those Andes do in the deserts of Chile for five
hund