ons, the Republican National Committeeman for New York,
and many individual Republicans gave valuable help but the "machine"
all over the State did everything possible to defeat the amendment. A
week before election, when their object was clearly apparent, the
chairman of the Republican State Committee was requested by the women
to write an official letter to its members reminding them of the
endorsement given by the Republican party at its State convention. He
refused to write it except as an individual and not as State chairman.
In Rochester an anti-suffrage poster was kept on display in Republican
headquarters. Among prominent members of the party who used their
influence in opposition were Elihu Root, Henry L. Stimson and George
Wickersham.

The two great figures of the suffrage movement, Mrs. Catt and Dr.
Shaw, gave royally to the campaign. Even after Mrs. Catt became
president of the National Association, she remained on the State Board
of Directors and was a constant help and inspiration. Dr. Shaw
contributed many weeks of speech making to the first campaign and
almost as many to the second, although her time in 1917 was much
occupied as chairman of the Woman's Division of the National Council
of Defense. It would be impossible to give the names of the thousands
of women who rendered devoted service during these campaigns and it
would be equally impossible to mention the names of the men who
helped. Behind many a woman who worked there was a man aiding and
sustaining her with money and personal sacrifice. "Suffrage husbands"
became a title of distinction.

Mrs. Whitehouse said in reviewing the causes of the failure of the
first campaign, "We worked like amateurs." Such a charge could not be
brought in the second, for the suffragists became an army of seasoned
veterans, quick to understand and to obey orders, giving suffrage
precedence over everything else except patriotic work. The amendment
as adopted gave complete suffrage to women on the same terms as
exercised by men and provided that "a citizen by marriage shall have
been an inhabitant of the United States for five years." This simply
required the same term of residence for wives as for unmarried women
and all men.

* * * * *

From 1910 to 1917 the Men's League for Woman Suffrage was an
influential factor in the movement in New York. It was believed to be
the first of the kind and the idea was said to have originated with