ried
out in any campaign was done.

From the beginning of 1913 to the election in November, 1914, there
was constant work done for the amendment. The total number of votes
cast on it was 853,685; against, 518,295; for 335,390; lost by 182,905
votes. There were gains in every county but only 14 were carried,
where there had been 24 in 1912.

That the liquor interests and the anti-suffragists worked together was
clearly established. The Saturday preceding the election the president
of the State Suffrage association saw in her own city of Warren a man
distributing literature from door to door and accompanied by a witness
she followed him and picked up several packages in different parts of
the city. They contained two leaflets, one giving information on how
to vote on the Home Rule or "wet" amendment, the other giving
instructions how to vote against the suffrage amendment. The latter
had a facsimile ballot marked against it and was signed by five women.
The _Liberal Advocate_ of Oct. 21, 1914, (official organ of the liquor
interests), published at Columbus, had a picture and a write-up of
Mrs. A. J. George of Brookline, a speaker from the Massachusetts
Anti-Suffrage Association, with a headline saying that she would be
present at a luncheon of anti-suffragists on the 27th in that city and
also speak elsewhere in the State.

After the defeats of 1912 and 1914 the suffragists abandoned the idea
of carrying an amendment. The revised constitution provided for "home
rule" for cities, which allowed them to adopt their own charters
instead of going to the Legislature. Suffragists believed that these
charters could provide for woman suffrage in municipal affairs. In
1916 East Cleveland decided to frame a charter and they saw a chance
to make a test. This campaign was the work of the Woman Suffrage Party
of Greater Cleveland. On June 6 a city charter was submitted to the
voters and adopted including woman suffrage. A suit was brought to
test its constitutionality and it was argued in the Supreme Court, one
of the lawyers being a woman, Miss Florence E. Allen.[142] By
agreement between the court and election officials women voted at the
regular municipal election in November. The court upheld its validity
April 3, 1917, and the constitutionality of Municipal woman suffrage
in charter cities was established.

In the fall of 1917 the women of Lakewood, a city adjoining Cleveland
on the west, gave municipal suffrage to its women