ization, enrolling among its
members such men as Governor Charles S. Whitman, Mayor John Purroy
Mitchel, Frank A. Vanderlip, Colonel George Harvey, William M. Ivins,
Dr. Simon Flexner, Professor John Dewey, Hamilton Holt, William Dean
Howells, John Mitchell, Charles Sprague Smith, Samuel Untermeyer,
Herbert Parsons, President Schurman of Cornell University, President
McCracken of Vassar College and many Judges, public officials and
others of note. In the suffrage parade of 1912 the league four abreast
extended five blocks along Fifth Avenue. Under its auspices mass
meetings were held, district rallies, public dinners with 600 guests,
balls and theatrical performances, and campaign activities of various
kinds were carried on. Men's leagues were formed in many States. The
_Woman Voter_ of October, 1912, published in New York City, issued a
special league number, with sketches, pictures, etc.

The Women's Political Union, which under the name of the Equality
League of Self-Supporting Women was formed in New York City in the
autumn of 1906 by Mrs. Harriot Stanton Blatch, was an active force for
many years. Its object was to bring to suffrage the strength of women
engaged in wage-earning occupations and under its aegis trade-union
women first pleaded their cause before a legislative committee on Feb.
6, 1907. That spring the league held two suffrage mass meetings, the
first for many years in Cooper Union, and the following year Carnegie
Hall was for the first time invaded by woman suffrage with a meeting
in honor of Mrs. Emmeline Pankhurst, the leader of the English
"militant" suffragists.

The league sent over 300 women to Albany by special train on Feb. 19,
1908, to a hearing on a woman suffrage amendment. The same year it
started open air meetings throughout the State. On election day in
1909 the Union distributed literature at the polls and five members
tested the right of women to act as watchers. It made the innovation
of interviewing candidates and pledging them to vote, if elected, for
the submission of a suffrage amendment to the electors.

In 1910 the Union organized in New York the first suffrage foot parade
of 400 women, and other larger ones afterwards. In September it began
a vigorous campaign against Artemus Ward, Republican candidate for
re-election to the Assembly in a banner Republican district in New
York City, because of his hostility to the suffrage amendment.
Pedestrians could not go a block in the d